MSD Animal Health, Walton Manor, Walton, Milton Keynes, MK7 7AJ, UK.
Acta Vet Scand. 2013 Sep 10;55(1):64. doi: 10.1186/1751-0147-55-64.
A litter of recently-vaccinated puppies in Sweden experienced signs of severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Canine parvovirus (CPV) was suspected as the cause of this outbreak on the basis of the clinical signs and the presence of parvoviral antigen in the faeces from one of the affected pups - confirmed using a commercial in-clinic faecal antigen ELISA test kit. A concern was raised about whether the vaccine (which contained a live, attenuated strain of CPV) could have caused the disease and so further faecal samples from the affected pups were submitted for laboratory virus isolation and identification.On cell culture, two out of four faecal samples were found to be virus-positive. This was confirmed as being canine parvovirus by immuno-staining with CPV specific monoclonal antibody. The virus was then tested using a series of PCR probes designed to confirm the identity of CPV and to distinguish the unique vaccine strain from field virus. This confirmed that the virus was indeed CPV but that it was not vaccine strain. The virus was then typed by sequencing the 426 amino acid region of the capsid gene which revealed this to be a type 2c virus.Since its emergence in the late 1970s, canine parvovirus 2 (CPV2) has spread worldwide and is recognised as an important canine pathogen in all countries. The original CPV2 rapidly evolved into two antigenic variants, CPV2a and CPV2b, which progressively replaced the original CPV2. More recently a new antigenic variant, CPV2c, has appeared. To date this variant has been identified in many countries worldwide but there have been no reports yet of its presence in any Scandinavian countries. This case report therefore represents the first published evidence of the involvement of CPV2c in a severe outbreak of typical haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a susceptible litter of pups in Scandinavia.
在瑞典，一窝最近接种过疫苗的小狗出现了严重出血性胃肠炎的症状。基于临床症状和其中一只患病幼犬粪便中存在细小病毒抗原（通过使用商业粪便抗原 ELISA 检测试剂盒确认），怀疑此次爆发是由犬细小病毒（CPV）引起的。有人担心疫苗（含有活的、减毒的 CPV 株）是否会导致这种疾病，因此进一步从受影响的幼犬中提交了粪便样本进行实验室病毒分离和鉴定。在细胞培养中，从 4 份粪便样本中有 2 份呈病毒阳性。通过用 CPV 特异性单克隆抗体进行免疫染色，证实这是犬细小病毒。然后使用一系列设计用于确认 CPV 身份并区分疫苗株和野外病毒的 PCR 探针对病毒进行了测试。这证实了该病毒确实是 CPV，但不是疫苗株。然后通过测序衣壳基因的 426 个氨基酸区域对病毒进行分型，结果表明这是一种 2c 型病毒。自 20 世纪 70 年代末出现以来，犬细小病毒 2 型（CPV2）已在全球范围内传播，并被认为是所有国家重要的犬病原体。最初的 CPV2 迅速进化为两种抗原变体，CPV2a 和 CPV2b，它们逐渐取代了最初的 CPV2。最近，出现了一种新的抗原变体，CPV2c。迄今为止，这种变体已在世界许多国家得到确认，但尚未有报道称其在任何斯堪的纳维亚国家存在。因此，本病例报告代表了 CPV2c 首次参与敏感幼犬群中典型出血性胃肠炎严重爆发的首次发表证据。
