Luca Simona, Mihaescu Traian
Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Iasi, Romania.
Maedica (Bucur). 2013 Mar;8(1):53-8.
Tuberculosis (TB) is still responsible for 2 million deaths every year despite being a treatable airborne infectious disease. "Consumption" and "Phthisis" were terms historically used to describe TB, which was responsible for one in four deaths in the 19th century. Due to its infectious nature, chronic progression and long treatment, TB is a great burden for society. Moreover the emergence of multi-drug resistant TB and the current TB-HIV epidemic has raised even greater concern. Treating and preventing TB has become a permanent challange since the ancient times. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine available today and has been used for more than 90 years with astonishing safety records. However, its efficacy remains controversial. No universal BCG vaccination policy exists, with some countries merely recommending its use and others that have implemented immunization programs. In this article we review several important milestones of BCG vaccine development from the discovery till today.
结核病（TB）尽管是一种可治疗的空气传播传染病，但每年仍导致200万人死亡。“痨病”和“肺结核”是历史上用于描述结核病的术语，在19世纪，结核病导致四分之一的人死亡。由于其传染性、慢性进展和长期治疗，结核病给社会带来了巨大负担。此外，耐多药结核病的出现和当前结核病与艾滋病病毒的流行引发了更大的关注。自古以来，治疗和预防结核病一直是一项长期挑战。卡介苗（BCG）是目前唯一可用的疫苗，已使用90多年，有着惊人的安全记录。然而，其疗效仍存在争议。不存在普遍的卡介苗接种政策，一些国家仅建议使用，而其他国家则实施了免疫计划。在本文中，我们回顾了卡介苗从发现至今的几个重要发展里程碑。
