Abramov I, Hainline L, Duckman R H
Infant Study Center, Brooklyn College of City University of New York.
Optom Vis Sci. 1990 Jul;67(7):538-45. doi: 10.1097/00006324-199007000-00012.
Early screening for refractive errors is highly desirable. Techniques for doing this must be usable with noninstructable subjects (infants), noninvasive, and relatively easy to use. Photorefraction has been used to examine infants' refractive status. However, unless cycloplegia is used, the results can be difficult to evaluate, inasmuch as the subject's plane of focus is not known. This paper describes a photorefraction system that is being used for routine screening of young infants, without cycloplegia and without using highly skilled personnel. The major innovation is the systematic presentation of attractive targets at distances that present a range of demands to accommodation. Changes in the fundal reflections, seen in the photographs taken as the infant views the different targets, can be interpreted unequivocally to identify severe myopia and hyperopia, anisometropia, heterotropia, and anisocoria. The results can also be quantified and are compared with retinoscopic refractions.
屈光不正的早期筛查非常必要。进行筛查的技术必须适用于无法配合的受试者（婴儿），具有非侵入性且相对易于使用。验光仪已被用于检查婴儿的屈光状态。然而，除非使用睫状肌麻痹剂，否则结果可能难以评估，因为受试者的聚焦平面未知。本文描述了一种验光系统，该系统用于对幼儿进行常规筛查，无需使用睫状肌麻痹剂，也无需专业技术人员。主要创新之处在于系统地呈现具有吸引力的目标，这些目标在不同距离呈现出一系列调节需求。当婴儿观看不同目标时拍摄的照片中可见的眼底反射变化，可以明确解读以识别严重近视、远视、屈光参差、斜视和瞳孔不等大。结果还可以量化，并与视网膜检影验光结果进行比较。
