Sjöstrand J, Abrahamsson M, Fabian G, Wennhall O
Acta Ophthalmol Suppl. 1983;157:46-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1983.tb03930.x.
A simple photorefraction method using simultaneous photography of corneal and fundus reflexes have been used to screen 239 children aged 10 to 15 months for significant refraction errors. The photorefraction results were calibrated to those of cycloplegic retinoscopy. A good agreement was found between the 2 sets of values. The frequency distribution of refraction errors were similar to those presented by Ingram (1979). The aim to detect hyperopia greater than or equal to +2 or myopia greater than or equal to -4 diopters together with significant anisometropia or astigmatism was fulfilled with high reliability. Low degrees of hyperopia, myopia and astigmatism might be missed. Photorefraction therefore is considered to be a reliable, simple and cheap tool with high sensitivity and specificity in screening small children for significant refraction errors.
一种利用角膜和眼底反射同步摄影的简单验光方法已被用于对239名10至15个月大的儿童进行显著屈光不正筛查。验光结果与睫状肌麻痹视网膜检影法的结果进行了校准。两组值之间发现了良好的一致性。屈光不正的频率分布与英格拉姆（1979年）提出的相似。检测远视大于或等于+2屈光度或近视大于或等于-4屈光度以及显著屈光参差或散光的目标以高可靠性实现。低度远视、近视和散光可能会被漏检。因此，验光被认为是一种可靠、简单且廉价的工具，在筛查幼儿显著屈光不正方面具有高灵敏度和特异性。
