Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013 Nov;22(11):1146-53. doi: 10.1002/pds.3508. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
The purpose of this study is to systematically identify and review articles that use the case-crossover study design in the area of pharmacoepidemiology.
A systematic search of MEDLINE® (Ovid Technologies, New York City, NY, USA), EMBASE® (Elsevier Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA), and Web of Science® (Thomson Reuters, New York City, NY, USA) was completed to identify all English language articles that applied the case-crossover study design in the area of pharmacoepidemiology. The number of reviews, methodological contributions, and empirical pharmacoepidemiologic applications were summarized by publication year. Empirical applications were retrieved, and methodological details (outcome, exposure, exposure windows, sensitivity analysis, statistical reporting) were tabulated and compared to methodological recommendations based on exposure characteristics, exposure windows, and discordant pairs data display.
Of 836 unique articles identified, 99 pharmacoepidemiologic studies were eligible: 20 methodological contributions, 9 review papers, and 70 empirical applications. Only three empirical applications in the area of pharmacoepidemiology were published before 2000. Since 2000, the number of empirical pharmacoepidemiologic applications published annually has generally increased over time, to before a high of 15 published in 2011. The design was mainly applied to examine drug safety (96%), and most applications investigated: psychotropic (24%) and analgesic (17%) exposure drug classes; and considered hospitalization (23%) and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular (21%) events. Only 31% of applications displayed sufficient data to enable readers to confirm odds ratios presented.
Use of the case-crossover design in pharmacoepidemiology has increased rapidly in the last decade. As the application of the case-crossover design continues to increase, it is important to develop standards of practice, especially for display of data.
本研究旨在系统地识别和回顾药物流行病学领域中使用病例交叉设计的文章。
通过对 MEDLINE®（Ovid Technologies，纽约市，NY，美国）、EMBASE®（Elsevier Inc.，费城，PA，美国）和 Web of Science®（Thomson Reuters，纽约市，NY，美国）进行系统检索，以确定所有应用病例交叉设计的药物流行病学领域的英语文章。按出版年份总结了综述文章的数量、方法学贡献和经验性药物流行病学应用。检索了经验性应用，并对方法细节（结局、暴露、暴露窗口、敏感性分析、统计报告）进行制表，并根据暴露特征、暴露窗口和不一致对数据显示进行比较。
在 836 篇独特的文章中，有 99 篇药物流行病学研究符合条件：20 篇方法学贡献、9 篇综述文章和 70 篇经验性应用。在药物流行病学领域，仅有三篇经验性应用发表于 2000 年之前。自 2000 年以来，每年发表的经验性药物流行病学应用数量总体呈上升趋势，最高曾达到 2011 年的 15 篇。该设计主要应用于药物安全性的研究（96%），且大多数应用研究：精神科（24%）和镇痛药（17%）暴露药物类别；以及考虑住院（23%）和心血管/脑血管（21%）事件。仅有 31%的应用展示了足够的数据，以使读者能够确认呈现的比值比。
在过去十年中，药物流行病学中病例交叉设计的应用迅速增加。随着病例交叉设计的应用不断增加，制定实践标准非常重要，特别是对于数据的展示。
