Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, MG , Brasil.
Braz J Microbiol. 2011 Jul;42(3):937-47. doi: 10.1590/S1517-838220110003000012. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
The diversity of yeasts collected from different sites in Antarctica (Admiralty Bay, King George Island and Port Foster Bay and Deception Island) and their ability to produce extracellular enzymes and mycosporines were studied. Samples were collected during the austral summer season, between November 2006 and January 2007, from the rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica, ornithogenic (penguin guano) soil, soil, marine and lake sediments, marine water and freshwater from lakes. A total of 89 isolates belonging to the following genera were recovered: Bensingtonia, Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Dioszegia, Exophiala, Filobasidium, Issatchenkia (Pichia), Kodamaea, Leucosporidium, Leucosporidiella, Metschnikowia, Nadsonia, Pichia, Rhodotorula, and Sporidiobolus, and the yeast-like fungi Aureobasidium, Leuconeurospora and Microglossum. Cryptococcus victoriae was the most frequently identified species. Several species isolated in our study have been previously reported to be Antarctic psychophilic yeasts, including Cr. antarcticus, Cr. victoriae, Dioszegia hungarica and Leucosporidium scottii. The cosmopolitan yeast species A. pullulans, C. zeylanoides, D. hansenii, I. orientalis, K. ohmeri, P. guilliermondii, Rh. mucilaginosa, and S. salmonicolor were also isolated. Five possible new species were identified. Sixty percent of the yeasts had at least one detectable extracellular enzymatic activity. Cryptococcus antarcticus, D. aurantiaca, D. crocea, D. hungarica, Dioszegia sp., E. xenobiotica, Rh. glaciales, Rh. laryngis, Microglossum sp. 1 and Microglossum sp. 2 produced mycosporines. Of the yeast isolates, 41.7% produced pigments and/or mycosporines and could be considered adapted to survive in Antarctica. Most of the yeasts had extracellular enzymatic activities at 4°C and 20°C, indicating that they could be metabolically active in the sampled substrates.
从南极洲不同地点（阿德默勒尔蒂湾、乔治王岛和福斯特港湾和欺骗岛）采集的酵母的多样性及其产生细胞外酶和菌多酚的能力进行了研究。样本于 2006 年 11 月至 2007 年 1 月的南极夏季期间采集，来自南极羽节草的根际、鸟粪土、土壤、海洋和湖底沉积物、海水和湖泊淡水。共回收了 89 株属于以下属的分离物：本森尼亚、假丝酵母、隐球菌、德巴利酵母、迪奥兹吉亚、外瓶霉、Filobasidium、伊萨琴科氏酵母（毕赤酵母）、科达马埃、白头霉、白头霉属、梅奇尼科夫酵母、纳松酵母、毕赤酵母、红酵母和 sporidiobolus，以及类似酵母的真菌 Aureobasidium、Leuconeurospora 和 Microglossum。维多利亚隐球菌是最常鉴定的物种。本研究中分离的几种物种以前曾被报道为南极嗜热酵母，包括 Cr.antarcticus、Cr.victoriae、Dioszegia hungarica 和 Leucosporidium scottii。被广泛认为是世界性酵母物种的 A.pullulans、C.zeylanoides、D.hansenii、I.orientalis、K.ohmeri、P.guilliermondii、R.mucilaginosa 和 S.salmonicolor 也被分离出来。鉴定出了 5 种可能的新物种。60%的酵母至少有一种可检测的细胞外酶活性。南极隐球菌、D.aurantiaca、D.crocea、D.hungarica、Dioszegia sp.、E.xenobiotica、Rh.glaciales、Rh.laryngis、Microglossum sp.1 和 Microglossum sp.2 产生菌多酚。在所分离的酵母中，41.7%产生色素和/或菌多酚，可认为适应在南极洲生存。大多数酵母在 4°C 和 20°C 下具有细胞外酶活性，表明它们可以在采样的基质中进行代谢活动。
