Department of Soil Science, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO/KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Environ Microbiol. 2014 Mar;16(3):845-55. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12237. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Mangrove soils are anaerobic environments rich in sulphate and organic matter. Although the sulphur cycle is one of the major actors in this ecosystem, little is known regarding the sulphur bacteria communities in mangrove soils. We investigated the abundance, composition and diversity of sulphur-oxidizing (SOB) and sulphate-reducing (SRB) bacteria in sediments from three Brazilian mangrove communities: two contaminated, one with oil (OilMgv) and one with urban waste and sludge (AntMgv), and one pristine (PrsMgv). The community structures were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and clone libraries, using genes for the enzymes adenosine-5'-phosphosulphate reductase (aprA) and sulphite reductase (Dsr) (dsrB). The abundance for qPCR showed the ratio dsrB/aprA to be variable among mangroves and higher according to the gradient observed for oil contamination in the OilMgv. The PCR-DGGE patterns analysed by Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling revealed differences among the structures of the three mangrove communities. The clone libraries showed that Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria were the most abundant groups associated with sulphur cycling in mangrove sediments. We conclude that the microbial SOB and SRB communities in mangrove soils are different in each mangrove forest and that such microbial communities could possibly be used as a proxy for contamination in mangrove forests.
红树林土壤是富含硫酸盐和有机物的厌氧环境。尽管硫循环是该生态系统的主要因素之一，但对于红树林土壤中的硫细菌群落，人们知之甚少。我们调查了来自三个巴西红树林群落（两个受污染的群落，一个受到石油污染（OilMgv），一个受到城市废物和污泥污染（AntMgv），一个原始群落（PrsMgv））沉积物中硫氧化（SOB）和硫酸盐还原（SRB）细菌的丰度、组成和多样性。使用定量实时聚合酶链反应（qPCR）、聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）和克隆文库，评估了 aprA 和 dsrB 基因的酶腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸盐还原酶（aprA）和亚硫酸盐还原酶（dsr）（dsrB）来评估群落结构。qPCR 的丰度显示，dsrB/aprA 的比值在红树林之间是可变的，并且根据 OilMgv 中观察到的石油污染梯度，比值更高。通过非度量多维标度分析的 PCR-DGGE 模式揭示了三个红树林群落结构之间的差异。克隆文库表明，Betaproteobacteria、Gammaproteobacteria 和 Deltaproteobacteria 是与红树林沉积物硫循环最相关的丰富菌群。我们得出结论，红树林土壤中的微生物 SOB 和 SRB 群落在每个红树林林中都不同，并且这些微生物群落可能可以用作红树林林污染的替代物。
