Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
Coastal Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
Microb Biotechnol. 2023 Aug;16(8):1584-1602. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.14273. Epub 2023 May 20.
Globally, soils and sediments are affected by the bioturbation activities of benthic species. The consequences of these activities are particularly impactful in intertidal sediment, which is generally anoxic and nutrient-poor. Mangrove intertidal sediments are of particular interest because, as the most productive forests and one of the most important stores of blue carbon, they provide global-scale ecosystem services. The mangrove sediment microbiome is fundamental for ecosystem functioning, influencing the efficiency of nutrient cycling and the abundance and distribution of key biological elements. Redox reactions in bioturbated sediment can be extremely complex, with one reaction creating a cascade effect on the succession of respiration pathways. This facilitates the overlap of different respiratory metabolisms important in the element cycles of the mangrove sediment, including carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and iron cycles, among others. Considering that all ecological functions and services provided by mangrove environments involve microorganisms, this work reviews the microbial roles in nutrient cycling in relation to bioturbation by animals and plants, the main mangrove ecosystem engineers. We highlight the diversity of bioturbating organisms and explore the diversity, dynamics and functions of the sediment microbiome, considering both the impacts of bioturbation. Finally, we review the growing evidence that bioturbation, through altering the sediment microbiome and environment, determining a 'halo effect', can ameliorate conditions for plant growth, highlighting the potential of the mangrove microbiome as a nature-based solution to sustain mangrove development and support the role of this ecosystem to deliver essential ecological services.
在全球范围内，底栖生物的生物扰动活动影响着土壤和沉积物。这些活动的后果在潮间带沉积物中尤为明显，因为潮间带沉积物通常是缺氧和贫营养的。红树林潮间带沉积物特别有趣，因为它们是生产力最高的森林之一，也是蓝碳的重要储存库之一，为全球提供生态系统服务。红树林沉积物微生物组对生态系统功能至关重要，影响着养分循环的效率以及关键生物要素的丰度和分布。生物扰动沉积物中的氧化还原反应可能非常复杂，一种反应会对呼吸途径的演替产生级联效应。这促进了不同呼吸代谢途径在红树林沉积物元素循环中的重叠，包括碳、氮、硫和铁循环等。考虑到所有由红树林环境提供的生态功能和服务都涉及微生物，因此这项工作综述了微生物在与动植物（主要的红树林生态系统工程师）生物扰动相关的养分循环中的作用。我们强调了生物扰动生物的多样性，并探讨了沉积物微生物组的多样性、动态和功能，同时考虑了生物扰动的影响。最后，我们综述了越来越多的证据表明，生物扰动通过改变沉积物微生物组和环境，确定了“晕圈效应”，可以改善植物生长的条件，强调了红树林微生物组作为一种基于自然的解决方案的潜力，以维持红树林的发展，并支持该生态系统发挥提供基本生态服务的作用。
