Jackson Petra, Jacobsen Nicklas Raun, Baun Anders, Birkedal Renie, Kühnel Dana, Jensen Keld Alstrup, Vogel Ulla, Wallin Håkan
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen Ø, DK-2100, Denmark.
Chem Cent J. 2013 Sep 13;7(1):154. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-154.
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have numerous industrial applications and may be released to the environment. In the aquatic environment, pristine or functionalized CNT have different dispersion behavior, potentially leading to different risks of exposure along the water column. Data included in this review indicate that CNT do not cross biological barriers readily. When internalized, only a minimal fraction of CNT translocate into organism body compartments. The reported CNT toxicity depends on exposure conditions, model organism, CNT-type, dispersion state and concentration. In the ecotoxicological tests, the aquatic organisms were generally found to be more sensitive than terrestrial organisms. Invertebrates were more sensitive than vertebrates. Single-walled CNT were found to be more toxic than double-/multi-walled CNT. Generally, the effect concentrations documented in literature were above current modeled average environmental concentrations. Measurement data are needed for estimation of environmental no-effect concentrations. Future studies with benchmark materials are needed to generate comparable results. Studies have to include better characterization of the starting materials, of the dispersions and of the biological fate, to obtain better knowledge of the exposure/effect relationships.
碳纳米管（CNT）有众多工业应用，可能会释放到环境中。在水生环境中，原始或功能化的碳纳米管具有不同的分散行为，这可能导致沿水柱的暴露风险不同。本综述中包含的数据表明，碳纳米管不易穿过生物屏障。当被内化时，只有极小部分的碳纳米管会转移到生物体的身体隔室中。所报道的碳纳米管毒性取决于暴露条件、模式生物、碳纳米管类型、分散状态和浓度。在生态毒理学测试中，通常发现水生生物比陆生生物更敏感。无脊椎动物比脊椎动物更敏感。发现单壁碳纳米管比双壁/多壁碳纳米管毒性更大。一般来说，文献中记录的效应浓度高于当前模拟的平均环境浓度。需要测量数据来估计环境无效应浓度。需要对基准材料进行未来研究以产生可比结果。研究必须包括对起始材料、分散体和生物归宿的更好表征，以更好地了解暴露/效应关系。
