Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Environ Pollut. 2013 Oct;181:287-300. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
Scientific consensus predicts that the worldwide use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) leads to their release into the environment. We reviewed the available literature concerning environmental concentrations of six ENMs (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, fullerenes, CNT and CeO2) in surface waters, wastewater treatment plant effluents, biosolids, sediments, soils and air. Presently, a dozen modeling studies provide environmental concentrations for ENM and a handful of analytical works can be used as basis for a preliminary validation. There are still major knowledge gaps (e.g. on ENM production, application and release) that affect the modeled values, but over all an agreement on the order of magnitude of the environmental concentrations can be reached. True validation of the modeled values is difficult because trace analytical methods that are specific for ENM detection and quantification are not available. The modeled and measured results are not always comparable due to the different forms and sizes of particles that these two approaches target.
科学共识预测，工程纳米材料（ENM）的全球使用将导致它们释放到环境中。我们回顾了有关六种 ENM（TiO2、ZnO、Ag、富勒烯、CNT 和 CeO2）在地表水、污水处理厂废水、生物固体、沉积物、土壤和空气中的环境浓度的现有文献。目前，有十几个建模研究提供了 ENM 的环境浓度，少数分析工作可以作为初步验证的基础。仍然存在重大的知识差距（例如关于 ENM 的生产、应用和释放），这些差距影响着模型值，但总体而言，可以达成对环境浓度的数量级的一致意见。由于缺乏专门用于 ENM 检测和量化的痕量分析方法，对模型值进行真正的验证是困难的。由于这两种方法针对的颗粒的不同形式和大小，模型化和测量的结果并不总是可比的。
