Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013 Dec;16(6):760-6. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.08.005. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
Although hydrolysis is known to be as important as synthesis in the growth and development of the bacterial cell wall, the coupling between these processes is not well understood. Bond cleavage can generate deleterious pores, but may also be required for the incorporation of new material and for the expansion of the wall, highlighting the importance of mechanical forces in interpreting the consequences of hydrolysis in models of growth. Critically, minimal essential subsets of hydrolases have now been identified in several model organisms, enabling the reduction of genetic complexity. Recent studies in Bacillus subtilis have provided evidence for both the presence and absence of coupling between synthesis and hydrolysis during sporulation and elongation, respectively. In this review, we discuss strategies for dissecting the relationship between synthesis and hydrolysis using time-lapse imaging, biophysical measurements of cell-wall architecture, and computational modeling.
尽管水解作用在细菌细胞壁的生长和发育中与合成作用一样重要，但这两个过程之间的偶联关系还不是很清楚。键的断裂会产生有害的孔，但也可能是为了掺入新材料和扩展细胞壁而需要的，这突出了机械力在解释水解在生长模型中的后果方面的重要性。关键的是，现在已经在几种模式生物中鉴定出了水解酶的最小必需子集，从而降低了遗传复杂性。最近在枯草芽孢杆菌中的研究为孢子形成和伸长过程中合成和水解之间存在和不存在偶联提供了证据。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用延时成像、细胞壁结构的生物物理测量和计算建模来剖析合成和水解之间关系的策略。
