Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Infant Behav Dev. 2013 Dec;36(4):717-27. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.08.003. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
Imitative learning has been described in naturalistic studies for different cultures, but lab-based research studying imitative learning across different cultural contexts is almost missing. Therefore, imitative learning was assessed with 18-month-old German middle-class and Cameroonian Nso farmer infants - representing two highly different eco-cultural contexts associated with different cultural models, the psychological autonomy and the hierarchical relatedness - by using the deferred imitation paradigm. Study 1 revealed that the infants from both cultural contexts performed a higher number of target actions in the deferred imitation than in the baseline phase. Moreover, it was found that German middle-class infants showed a higher mean imitation rate as they performed more target actions in the deferred imitation phase compared with Cameroonian Nso farmer infants. It was speculated that the opportunity to manipulate the test objects directly after the demonstration of the target actions could enhance the mean deferred imitation rate of the Cameroonian Nso farmer infants which was confirmed in Study 2. Possible explanations for the differences in the amount of imitated target actions of German middle-class and Cameroonian Nso farmer infants are discussed considering the object-related, dyadic setting of the imitation paradigm with respect to the different learning contexts underlying the different cultural models of learning.
模仿学习在不同文化的自然主义研究中已有描述，但在不同文化背景下研究模仿学习的基于实验室的研究几乎是缺失的。因此，我们使用延迟模仿范式，对德国中产阶级和喀麦隆 Nso 农民婴儿（分别代表与不同文化模式相关的两种截然不同的生态文化背景，心理自主性和等级关联性）进行了模仿学习的评估。研究 1 表明，来自两种文化背景的婴儿在延迟模仿中比在基线阶段表现出更多的目标动作。此外，研究还发现，与喀麦隆 Nso 农民婴儿相比，德国中产阶级婴儿在延迟模仿阶段表现出更高的平均模仿率，因为他们在该阶段执行了更多的目标动作。推测在展示目标动作后直接操作测试对象的机会可以提高喀麦隆 Nso 农民婴儿的平均延迟模仿率，这在研究 2 中得到了证实。考虑到模仿范式的与物体相关的、对偶的设置与不同的学习情境相关，我们讨论了德国中产阶级和喀麦隆 Nso 农民婴儿模仿目标动作数量差异的可能解释，这些情境与不同的文化学习模式相关。
