Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Ave, 2nd floor, Miami, FL, 33136, USA,
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013 Oct;14(5):401-11. doi: 10.1007/s40257-013-0043-7.
Nodule development is a common complication following the use of fillers for soft tissue augmentation and is commonly categorized as inflammatory or non-inflammatory in nature. Inflammatory nodules may appear anywhere from days to years after treatment, whereas non-inflammatory nodules are typically seen immediately following implantation and are usually secondary to improper placement of the filler. Although inflammatory nodules are more common with permanent fillers such as silicone, inflammatory nodule development following administration of temporary fillers such as hyaluronic acid and collagen has also been reported. Treated many times with corticosteroids due to their anti-inflammatory properties, inflammatory nodules may be secondary to infection or biofilm formation, warranting the use of alternative agents. Appropriate and prompt diagnosis is important in avoiding delay of treatment or long-term complications for the patient. This paper addresses the etiology, development, and studied treatment options available for inflammatory nodules secondary to each of the major classes of fillers. With this knowledge, practitioners may expeditiously recognize and manage this common side effect and thus maximize functional and aesthetic benefit.
结节形成是软组织填充后常见的并发症，通常分为炎症性或非炎症性。炎症性结节可能在治疗后数天至数年内出现，而非炎症性结节通常在植入后立即出现，通常是由于填充物放置不当引起的。尽管永久性填充物（如硅胶）更容易出现炎症性结节，但也有报道称在使用暂时填充物（如透明质酸和胶原蛋白）后出现炎症性结节。由于皮质类固醇具有抗炎特性，因此多次接受皮质类固醇治疗，炎症性结节可能继发于感染或生物膜形成，需要使用替代药物。及时准确的诊断对于避免患者治疗延误或长期并发症至关重要。本文讨论了每种主要类型填充物引起的炎症性结节的病因、发展和研究治疗选择。有了这些知识，医生可以迅速识别和处理这种常见的副作用，从而最大限度地提高功能和美学效果。
