School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales 2751, Australia.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 Dec 21;42(24):9454-79. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60227c. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
Presently there is a glut of glycerol as the by-product of biofuel production and it will grow as production increases. The conundrum is how we can consume this material and convert it into a more useful product. One potential route is to reform glycerol to hydrogen rich gas including synthesis gas (CO + H2) and hydrogen. However, there is recent literature on various reforming techniques which may have a bearing on the efficiency of such a process. Hence in this review reforming of glycerol at room temperature (normally photo-catalytic), catalysis at moderate and high temperature and a non-catalytic pyrolysis process are presented. The high temperature processes allow the generation of synthesis gas with the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratios being suitable for synthesis of dimethyl ether, methanol and for the Fischer-Tropsch process using established catalysts. Efficient conversion of synthesis gas to hydrogen involves additional catalysts that assist the water gas shift reaction, or involves in situ capture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Reforming at reduced temperatures including photo-reforming offers the opportunity of producing synthesis gas or hydrogen using single catalysts. Together, these processes will assist in overcoming the worldwide glut of glycerol, increasing the competitiveness of the biofuel production and reducing our dependency on the fossil based, hydrogen rich gas.
目前，生物燃料生产的副产品甘油过剩，而且随着产量的增加，这种过剩还会继续增长。问题是我们如何消耗这种材料，并将其转化为更有用的产品。一种潜在的途径是将甘油转化为富含氢气的气体，包括合成气（CO+H2）和氢气。然而，最近有关于各种重整技术的文献可能会对该过程的效率产生影响。因此，在这篇综述中，介绍了在室温下（通常是光催化）、中温和高温下催化以及非催化热解过程中甘油的重整。高温过程允许生成氢气与一氧化碳比值适合于二甲醚、甲醇合成以及使用现有催化剂的费托合成的合成气。高效转化合成气为氢气需要额外的催化剂来辅助水气变换反应，或者涉及到二氧化碳和氢气的原位捕获。包括光重整在内的低温重整为使用单一催化剂生产合成气或氢气提供了机会。这些过程将有助于克服全球范围内的甘油过剩，提高生物燃料生产的竞争力，并减少我们对基于化石燃料的富氢气体的依赖。
