Effects of sulfonylureas on tumor growth: a review of the literature.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are at higher cancer risk, probably because of hyperinsulinemia and insulin growth factor 1 pathway activation. The effects of antidiabetic drugs on cancer risk have been described and discussed in several studies suggesting opposite effects of the biguanide metformin and sulfonylureas on cancer incidence and mortality. The anticancer mechanisms of metformin have been clarified, and some clinical studies, particularly in breast cancer patients, have been published or are currently ongoing; however, data about the effects of sulfonylureas on cancer growth are less consistent. The aims of this work are to review preclinical evidence of second-generation sulfonylureas effects on tumor growth, to clarify the potential mechanisms of action, and to identify possible metabolic targets for patient selection. Most evidence is on the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels inhibitor glibenclamide, which interacts with reactive oxygen species production thus inducing cancer cell death. Among diarylsulfonylureas, next-generation DW2282 derivatives are particularly promising because of the proapoptotic activity in multidrug-resistant cells.