我们为什么要报告后颅窝导静脉？
Why should we report posterior fossa emissary veins?
作者信息
Pekçevik Yeliz, Pekçevik Rıdvan
机构信息
From the Department of Radiology (Y.P. e-mail:
出版信息
Diagn Interv Radiol. 2014 Jan-Feb;20(1):78-81. doi: 10.5152/dir.2013.13203.
Abstract
Posterior fossa emissary veins are valveless veins that pass through cranial apertures. They participate in extracranial venous drainage of the posterior fossa dural sinuses. The mastoid emissary vein, condylar veins, occipital emissary vein, and petrosquamosal sinus are the major posterior fossa emissary veins. We believe that posterior fossa emissary veins can be detected by radiologists before surgery with a thorough understanding of their anatomy. Describing them using temporal bone computed tomography (CT), CT angiography, and cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) venography examinations results in more detailed and accurate preoperative radiological interpretation and has clinical importance. This pictorial essay reviews the anatomy of the major and clinically relevant posterior fossa emissary veins using high-resolution CT, CT angiography, and MR venography images and discusses the clinical importance of reporting these vascular variants.
摘要
后颅窝导静脉是穿过颅骨孔的无瓣膜静脉。它们参与后颅窝硬脑膜窦的颅外静脉引流。乳突导静脉、髁静脉、枕导静脉和岩鳞窦是主要的后颅窝导静脉。我们认为，放射科医生在术前通过全面了解后颅窝导静脉的解剖结构能够检测到它们。使用颞骨计算机断层扫描（CT）、CT血管造影和脑磁共振（MR）静脉造影检查来描述这些静脉，可实现更详细、准确的术前影像学解读，具有临床重要性。这篇图文并茂的文章使用高分辨率CT、CT血管造影和MR静脉造影图像回顾了主要的以及临床上相关的后颅窝导静脉的解剖结构，并讨论了报告这些血管变异的临床重要性。
相似文献
1
Why should we report posterior fossa emissary veins?我们为什么要报告后颅窝导静脉？
Diagn Interv Radiol. 2014 Jan-Feb;20(1):78-81. doi: 10.5152/dir.2013.13203.
2
Persistence of multiple emissary veins of posterior fossa with unusual origin of left petrosquamosal sinus from mastoid emissary.后颅窝多条导静脉持续存在，左岩鳞窦起自乳突导静脉，起源异常。
Surg Radiol Anat. 2011 Nov;33(9):827-31. doi: 10.1007/s00276-011-0822-x. Epub 2011 May 21.
3
Emissary veins prevalence and evaluation of the relationship between dural venous sinus anatomic variations with posterior fossa emissary veins: MR study.岩静脉出现率及后颅窝岩静脉与硬脑膜静脉窦解剖变异关系的评估：MR 研究。
Radiol Med. 2019 Jul;124(7):620-627. doi: 10.1007/s11547-019-01010-2. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
4
Prevalence of clinically important posterior fossa emissary veins on CT angiography.CT血管造影上具有临床意义的后颅窝导静脉的患病率。
J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2014 Apr;5(2):135-8. doi: 10.4103/0976-3147.131654.
5
The condylar canal and emissary vein-a comprehensive and pictorial review of its anatomy and variation.髁管与导静脉——关于其解剖结构与变异的全面图文综述
Childs Nerv Syst. 2019 May;35(5):747-751. doi: 10.1007/s00381-019-04120-4. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
6
The petrosquamosal sinus: CT and MR findings of a rare emissary vein.岩鳞窦：一种罕见导静脉的CT和MR表现
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2001 Jun-Jul;22(6):1186-93.
7
The craniocervical venous system in relation to cerebral venous drainage.与脑静脉引流相关的颅颈静脉系统。
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002 Oct;23(9):1500-8.
8
Cranial dural arteriovenous shunts. Part 1. Anatomy and embryology of the bridging and emissary veins.颅内硬脑膜动静脉分流。第1部分。桥静脉和导静脉的解剖学与胚胎学
Neurosurg Rev. 2015 Apr;38(2):253-63; discussion 263-4. doi: 10.1007/s10143-014-0590-2. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
9
Surgical Microanatomy of the Posterior Condylar Emissary Vein and its Anatomical Variations for the Transcondylar Fossa Approach.后髁导静脉的手术显微解剖及其在经髁突下窝入路中的解剖变异。
Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2017 Jun 1;13(3):382-391. doi: 10.1093/ons/opw038.
10
Improved CT Imaging for Mastoid Emissary Vein Visualization Prior to Posterior Fossa Approaches.后颅窝入路前用于乳突导静脉显影的改良CT成像
J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2016 Nov;77(6):511-514. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1584208. Epub 2016 May 31.
引用本文的文献
1
Pulsatile Tinnitus Due to a Large Mastoid Emissary Vein: Successfully Managed with Percutaneous Embolization in a Novel Approach.因大型乳突导血管引起的搏动性耳鸣：采用新型经皮栓塞术成功治疗
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2024 Oct;76(5):4858-4861. doi: 10.1007/s12070-024-04906-2. Epub 2024 Jul 19.
2
Occipital emissary vein existence and its impact on the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in pediatric patients.枕部导静脉存在及其对儿童特发性颅内高压诊断的影响。
Neuroradiology. 2024 Apr;66(4):643-650. doi: 10.1007/s00234-024-03303-4. Epub 2024 Feb 12.
3
Morphometric and morphological evaluation of mastoid emissary canal using cone-beam computed tomography.使用锥形束计算机断层扫描对乳突导静脉进行形态学和形态计量学评估。
Sci Prog. 2023 Apr-Jun;106(2):368504231178382. doi: 10.1177/00368504231178382.
4
The morphometric analysis of mastoid foramen and mastoid emissary canal on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）下乳突门和乳突导血管的形态计量分析。
Surg Radiol Anat. 2023 Mar;45(3):303-314. doi: 10.1007/s00276-023-03089-9. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
5
Radiological and Morphometric Study of the Emissary Foramens and Canal in the Posterior Cranial Fossa of the Human Skull with Its Neurosurgical Significance.人类颅骨后颅窝导静脉孔和管的放射学与形态学研究及其神经外科意义
Asian J Neurosurg. 2022 Oct 28;17(4):588-594. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1757429. eCollection 2022 Dec.
6
An Integrated Approach on the Diagnosis of Cerebral Veins and Dural Sinuses Thrombosis (a Narrative Review).脑静脉和硬脑膜窦血栓形成诊断的综合方法（叙述性综述）
Life (Basel). 2022 May 11;12(5):717. doi: 10.3390/life12050717.
7
Mastoid Emissary Vein Canal Incidence and Its Relationship with Jugular Bulb and Sigmoid Sulcus Anatomical Variations.乳突导静脉管发生率及其与颈静脉球和乙状窦沟解剖变异的关系
Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Dec;59(4):244-252. doi: 10.4274/tao.2021.2021-4-26. Epub 2022 Feb 22.
8
Bilateral Severely Stenotic Jugular Foramen: Diagnosis and Management from the Otologist/Neurotologist Point of View.双侧严重狭窄的颈静脉孔：从耳科医生/神经耳科医生角度的诊断与处理
Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2020 Jun 4;2020:1530310. doi: 10.1155/2020/1530310. eCollection 2020.
9
The Occipital Emissary Vein: A Possible Marker for Pseudotumor Cerebri.枕静脉交通支：假性脑瘤的一个可能标志物。
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2019 Jun;40(6):973-978. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A6061. Epub 2019 May 9.
10
Emissary veins prevalence and evaluation of the relationship between dural venous sinus anatomic variations with posterior fossa emissary veins: MR study.岩静脉出现率及后颅窝岩静脉与硬脑膜静脉窦解剖变异关系的评估：MR 研究。
Radiol Med. 2019 Jul;124(7):620-627. doi: 10.1007/s11547-019-01010-2. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
本文引用的文献
1
Persistence of multiple emissary veins of posterior fossa with unusual origin of left petrosquamosal sinus from mastoid emissary.后颅窝多条导静脉持续存在，左岩鳞窦起自乳突导静脉，起源异常。
Surg Radiol Anat. 2011 Nov;33(9):827-31. doi: 10.1007/s00276-011-0822-x. Epub 2011 May 21.
2
Persistent petrosquamosal sinus: high incidence in cases of complete aplasia of the semicircular canals.持续的岩鳞窦：半规管完全发育不全病例中的高发生率。
Radiology. 2011 Jun;259(3):825-33. doi: 10.1148/radiol.11101466. Epub 2011 Mar 8.
3
Two cases of petrosquamosal sinus in the temporal bone presented as perioperative finding.两例颞骨岩鳞窦在手术期间被发现。
Laryngoscope. 2011 Feb;121(2):381-4. doi: 10.1002/lary.21369. Epub 2011 Jan 13.
4
Clinical anatomy of the mastoid and occipital emissary veins in a large series.大量样本中乳突静脉和枕静脉的临床解剖学研究
Surg Radiol Anat. 2009 Feb;31(2):139-44. doi: 10.1007/s00276-008-0423-5. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
5
Abnormal venous drainage in syndromic craniosynostosis and the role of CT venography.综合征性颅缝早闭中的异常静脉引流及CT静脉造影的作用。
Childs Nerv Syst. 2008 Dec;24(12):1413-20. doi: 10.1007/s00381-008-0667-8. Epub 2008 Jun 25.
6
Anatomy of the mastoid emissary vein and venous system of the posterior neck region: neurosurgical implications.乳突导静脉及后颈部静脉系统的解剖学：神经外科意义
Neurosurgery. 2007 Nov;61(5 Suppl 2):193-200; discussion 200-1. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000303217.53607.d9.
7
The petrosquamosal sinus in humans.人类的岩鳞窦。
J Anat. 2006 Dec;209(6):711-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00652.x.
8
Percutaneous transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula through a mastoid emissary vein. Technical note.经乳突导静脉对硬脑膜动静脉瘘进行经皮经静脉栓塞术。技术说明。
J Neurosurg. 2006 Oct;105(4):636-9. doi: 10.3171/jns.2006.105.4.636.
9
Absent semicircular canals in CHARGE syndrome: radiologic spectrum of findings.CHARGE综合征中半规管缺失：影像学表现谱
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006 Sep;27(8):1663-71.
10
Vascular anomalies, sutures and small canals of the temporal bone on axial CT.颞骨的血管异常、缝线及小管道的轴向CT表现
Eur J Radiol. 2005 Jun;54(3):335-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.09.003.
Zotero 插件