Imperial College London, London, UK.
J Psychopharmacol. 2014 Jan;28(1):8-22. doi: 10.1177/0269881113504017. Epub 2013 Sep 18.
The role of the brain opioid system in alcohol dependence has been the subject of much research for over 25 years. This review explores the evidence: firstly describing the opioid receptors in terms of their individual subtypes, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and ligands; secondly, summarising emerging data from specific neurochemical, behavioural and neuroimaging studies, explaining the characteristics of addiction with a focus on alcohol dependence and connecting the opioid system with alcohol dependence; and finally reviewing the known literature regarding opioid antagonists in clinical use for alcohol dependence. Further interrogation of how modulation of the opioid system, via use of MOP (mu), DOP (delta) and KOP (kappa) agents, restores the balance of a dysregulated system in alcohol dependence should increase our insight into this disease process and therefore guide better methods for understanding and treating alcohol dependence in the future.
脑阿片系统在酒精依赖中的作用是 25 多年来研究的主题。这篇综述探讨了以下证据：首先，根据其各自的亚型、神经解剖学、神经生理学和配体描述阿片受体；其次，总结了来自特定神经化学、行为和神经影像学研究的新兴数据，用重点放在酒精依赖上的成瘾特征来解释阿片系统与酒精依赖的联系；最后，综述了有关阿片受体拮抗剂在酒精依赖临床应用的已知文献。进一步研究通过使用 MOP（μ）、DOP（δ）和 KOP（κ）制剂来调节阿片系统，如何恢复酒精依赖中失调系统的平衡，应该会增加我们对这一疾病过程的了解，从而为未来更好地理解和治疗酒精依赖提供指导。
