Insel T R
National Institute of Mental Health, Poolesville, MD 20837.
J Clin Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;51 Suppl:4-8; discussion 9.
A syndrome related to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has been recognized for more than 300 years. Early descriptions focused on different aspects of this syndrome, reflecting the prevailing culture of the observer. English explanations stressed religious aspects and a relationship to melancholy. French phenomenologists emphasized the importance of doubt and loss of will. The German view focused on the irrational nature of the thoughts, finding a link to psychosis. Currently, OCD is considered an anxiety disorder in which either obsessions or compulsions contribute to significant distress or interference with functioning. However, obsessions and compulsions are also part of normal mental life. One current challenge is to understand the relationship between normal obsessions and compulsions and those that lead to interference and distress. The author presents a working model which helps resolve issues relating to our understanding of OCD.
一种与强迫症（OCD）相关的综合征已被认识300多年了。早期描述聚焦于该综合征的不同方面，反映了观察者所处的主流文化。英文解释强调宗教方面以及与忧郁症的关系。法国现象学家强调怀疑和意志丧失的重要性。德国的观点则聚焦于这些想法的非理性本质，发现其与精神病的联系。目前，强迫症被视为一种焦虑症，其中强迫观念或强迫行为会导致严重困扰或干扰功能。然而，强迫观念和强迫行为也是正常精神生活的一部分。当前的一个挑战是理解正常的强迫观念和强迫行为与那些导致干扰和困扰的强迫观念和强迫行为之间的关系。作者提出了一个实用模型，有助于解决我们对强迫症理解方面的相关问题。
