Wood A K, McCarthy P H
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Am J Vet Res. 1990 Jan;51(1):103-8.
Ultrasonographic or anatomic observations or both were made of the kidneys of 26 dogs. The anatomic studies established precise correlations between the gross anatomic features of the organ and its ultrasonographic images obtained in transverse, sagittal, dorsal, and 2 oblique planes. Uniformly mottled echogenicity of the renal cortex could be clearly differentiated from the less echogenic renal medulla. In the mid-dorsal plane, the papillae of the renal pyramids were directed towards the renal sinus. The bases of the pyramids were almost circular in outline in the midsagittal images and the renal crest was seen as an echogenic line. Although the renal sinus was highly echogenic, neither the renal pelvis nor its recesses were detected. The walls of each of the interlobar arteries provided echogenic parallel lines, passing in the renal recesses between the renal pyramids. Arcuate arteries were demonstrated at the corticomedullary junction and interlobular arteries were detected within the renal cortex. For the right kidney, transverse images were obtained with the ultrasonographic transducer at the last 2 intercostal spaces; images in the dorsal, sagittal, and oblique planes were obtained with the transducer placed over the caudal extremity of the kidney. In the left kidney, transverse images were made with the transducers at, and caudal to, the last intercostal space; images in the dorsal, sagittal, and oblique planes were obtained with the transducer placed over the lateral border of the kidney. The use of such a protocol ensures that the entire organ is inspected and a diagnosis of either a normal or pathologic kidney is made.
对26只犬的肾脏进行了超声检查或解剖观察，或两者皆有。解剖学研究确定了该器官大体解剖特征与其在横切面、矢状面、背面和两个斜面上获得的超声图像之间的精确相关性。肾皮质均匀的斑驳回声可与回声较低的肾髓质明显区分。在背中平面，肾锥体的乳头指向肾窦。在矢状中图像中，锥体底部轮廓几乎呈圆形，肾嵴可见为一条回声线。虽然肾窦回声很强，但未检测到肾盂及其隐窝。每条叶间动脉的壁提供了回声平行线，穿过肾锥体之间的肾隐窝。弓形动脉在皮质髓质交界处显示，小叶间动脉在肾皮质内检测到。对于右肾，超声换能器在最后两个肋间间隙获取横切面图像；在肾脏尾端放置换能器获取背侧、矢状面和斜面图像。对于左肾，换能器在最后一个肋间间隙及其尾侧获取横切面图像；在肾脏外侧缘放置换能器获取背侧、矢状面和斜面图像。使用这样的方案可确保检查整个器官，并对肾脏是否正常或病变做出诊断。
