Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1.
Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Nov;34(11):4142-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.011. Epub 2013 Sep 21.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed neurobehavioural disorder. Characterized by recurring problems with impulsiveness and inattention in combination with hyperactivity, motor impairments have also been well documented in the literature. The aim of this study was to compare the fine and gross motor skills of male and female children with ADHD and their neurotypical counterparts within seven skill assessments. This included three fine motor tasks: (1) spiral tracing, (2) dot filling, (3) tweezers and beads; and four gross motor tasks: (1) twistbox, (2) foot tapping, (3) small plate finger tapping, and (4) large plate finger tapping. It was hypothesized that children with ADHD would display poorer motor skills in comparison to neurotypical controls in both fine and gross motor assessments. However, statistically significant differences between the groups only emerged in four of the seven tasks (spiral tracing, dot filling, tweezers and beads and foot tapping). In line with previous findings, the complexity underlying upper limb tasks solidified the divide in performance between children with ADHD and their neurotypical counterparts. In light of similar research, impairments in lower limb motor skill were also observed. Future research is required to further delineate trends in motor difficulties in ADHD, while further investigating the underlying mechanisms of impairment.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的神经行为障碍。其特征是反复出现冲动和注意力不集中以及多动问题，文献中也有充分记录的运动障碍。本研究的目的是在七个技能评估中比较 ADHD 男性和女性儿童与神经典型对照组的精细和粗大运动技能。这包括三个精细运动任务：（1）螺旋描记，（2）点填充，（3）镊子和珠子；和四个粗大运动任务：（1）扭盒，（2）脚敲击，（3）小圆盘手指敲击，和（4）大圆盘手指敲击。假设 ADHD 儿童在精细和粗大运动评估中与神经典型对照组相比，运动技能较差。然而，仅在七个任务中的四个任务（螺旋描记、点填充、镊子和珠子以及脚敲击）中出现了统计学上的显著差异。与之前的发现一致，上肢任务的复杂性巩固了 ADHD 儿童与神经典型对照组之间表现的差异。根据类似的研究，也观察到下肢运动技能受损。需要进一步研究来进一步阐明 ADHD 中运动困难的趋势，同时进一步研究损伤的潜在机制。
