School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada V1V 1V7.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2014 Jan-Feb;58(1):80-7. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2013.08.008. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Females with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at increased risk for frailty, yet are often excluded from frailty studies. Daily electromyography (EMG) recordings of muscle activity can dissociate stages of frailty and indicate functional decline in non-neurological conditions. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether muscle activity can be used to identify frailty phenotypes in females with PD. EMG during a typical 6.5-h day was examined in biceps brachii, triceps brachii, vastus lateralis and biceps femoris on less-affected PD side. Muscle activity was quantified through burst (>2% maximum exertion, >0.1s) and gap characteristics (<1% maximum exertion, >0.1s). Differences across frailty phenotype (nonfrail, prefrail, frail) and muscle (biceps brachii, BB; triceps brachii, TB; vastus lateralis, VL; biceps femoris, BF) were evaluated with a 2-way repeated measure ANOVA for each burst/gap characteristic. Thirteen right-handed females (mean=67 ± 8 years) were classified as nonfrail (n = 4), prefrail (n = 6), and frail (n = 3) according to the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty index (CHSfi). Frail females had 73% decreased gaps and 48% increased burst duration compared with nonfrail. Decreased gaps may be interpreted as reduced muscle recovery time, which may result in earlier onset fatigue and eventually culminating in frailty. Longer burst durations suggest more muscle activity is required to initiate movement leading to slower movement time in frail females with PD. This is the first study to use EMG to dissociate frailty phenotypes in females with PD during routine daily activities and provides insight into how PD-associated motor declines contributes to frailty and functional decline.
帕金森病（PD）女性患者发生虚弱的风险增加，但她们通常被排除在虚弱研究之外。肌肉活动的日常肌电图（EMG）记录可以区分虚弱阶段，并表明非神经疾病的功能下降。本研究旨在确定肌肉活动是否可用于识别 PD 女性中的虚弱表型。在非优势 PD 侧的肱二头肌、肱三头肌、股外侧肌和股二头肌中检查了典型的 6.5 小时日常活动中的 EMG。通过爆发（>2%最大用力，>0.1s）和间隙特征（<1%最大用力，>0.1s）对肌肉活动进行量化。使用 2 因素重复测量方差分析评估每个爆发/间隙特征的虚弱表型（非虚弱、虚弱前期、虚弱）和肌肉（肱二头肌、BB；肱三头肌、TB；股外侧肌、VL；股二头肌、BF）之间的差异。根据心血管健康研究虚弱指数（CHSfi），13 名右利手女性（平均年龄=67±8 岁）被分为非虚弱（n=4）、虚弱前期（n=6）和虚弱（n=3）。与非虚弱相比，虚弱女性的间隙减少了 73%，爆发持续时间增加了 48%。间隙减少可能被解释为肌肉恢复时间减少，这可能导致疲劳更早发作，最终导致虚弱。爆发持续时间较长表明，虚弱的 PD 女性在开始运动时需要更多的肌肉活动，导致运动时间较慢。这是第一项使用 EMG 来区分 PD 女性日常活动中虚弱表型的研究，它提供了有关 PD 相关运动下降如何导致虚弱和功能下降的见解。
