Molecular and Cellular Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst, MA, USA.
Front Neurosci. 2013 Sep 19;7:164. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00164.
Progesterone (P4) regulates a wide range of neural functions and likely acts through multiple receptors. Over the past 30 years, most studies investigating neural effects of P4 focused on genomic and non-genomic actions of the classical progestin receptor (PGR). More recently the focus has widened to include two groups of non-classical P4 signaling molecules. Members of the Class II progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family are called membrane progestin receptors (mPRs) and include: mPRα (PAQR7), mPRβ (PAQR8), mPRγ (PAQR5), mPRδ (PAQR6), and mPRε (PAQR9). Members of the b5-like heme/steroid-binding protein family include progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), PGRMC2, neudesin, and neuferricin. Results of our recent mapping studies show that members of the PGRMC1/S2R family, but not mPRs, are quite abundant in forebrain structures important for neuroendocrine regulation and other non-genomic effects of P4. Herein we describe the structures, neuroanatomical localization, and signaling mechanisms of these molecules. We also discuss possible roles for Pgrmc1/S2R in gonadotropin release, feminine sexual behaviors, fluid balance and neuroprotection, as well as catamenial epilepsy.
孕激素（P4）调节广泛的神经功能，可能通过多种受体发挥作用。在过去的 30 年中，大多数研究孕激素对神经的影响的研究都集中在经典孕激素受体（PGR）的基因组和非基因组作用上。最近，研究重点已经扩大到包括两组非经典的 P4 信号分子。II 类孕激素和脂联素受体（PAQR）家族的成员称为膜孕激素受体（mPRs），包括：mPRα（PAQR7）、mPRβ（PAQR8）、mPRγ（PAQR5）、mPRδ（PAQR6）和 mPRε（PAQR9）。b5 样血红素/甾体结合蛋白家族的成员包括孕激素受体膜成分 1（PGRMC1）、PGRMC2、neudesin 和 neuferricin。我们最近的图谱研究结果表明，PGRMC1/S2R 家族的成员（而非 mPRs）在前脑结构中非常丰富，这些结构对于神经内分泌调节和 P4 的其他非基因组作用很重要。本文描述了这些分子的结构、神经解剖定位和信号机制。我们还讨论了 Pgrmc1/S2R 在促性腺激素释放、女性性行为、液体平衡和神经保护以及月经性癫痫中的可能作用。
