Leslie Jodi H, Braun Kathryn L, Novotny Rachel, Mokuau Noreen
College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (J.H.L., R.N.).
Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2013 Sep;72(9):300-6.
Worksite health promotion programs can reduce prevalence of chronic disease among employees, but little research has been done to discern whether they meet the needs and incorporate the preferences of workers of different occupational types. The objective of this study is to examine differences in influences to healthy eating and physical activity and preferences for programs among multiethnic blue- and white-collar workers in Hawai'i. A total of 57 employees from a major health care corporation in Hawai'i participated. A mixed-methods approach was employed, in which findings from focus groups with white-collar workers (WCW) (n=18) were used to inform development of a questionnaire with closed and open-ended items for use with blue-collar workers (BCW) (n=39), whose jobs did not provide adequate time to participate in focus groups. Focus groups with WCW revealed that onsite availability of healthy food and fitness opportunities provided the most support for healthy eating and physical activity at work; work demands, easy access to unhealthy foods, and lack of onsite fitness opportunities were barriers; and lifestyle management was a topic of substantial interest. BCW cited the ability to bring home lunch and their (physically active) jobs as being supportive of healthy behaviors; not having enough time to eat and personal illness/injury were barriers; and chronic disease topics were of greatest interest. Knowing differences in influences to healthy eating and physical activity, as well as preferences for worksite wellness programming, among BCW and WCW, is important when planning and implementing worksite health promotion programs.
工作场所健康促进项目可以降低员工慢性病的患病率，但很少有研究去探究这些项目是否满足不同职业类型员工的需求并纳入了他们的偏好。本研究的目的是调查夏威夷多民族蓝领和白领员工在健康饮食和体育活动的影响因素以及对项目的偏好方面的差异。夏威夷一家大型医疗保健公司的57名员工参与了研究。采用了混合方法，其中对白领员工（WCW）（n = 18）焦点小组的研究结果被用于设计一份包含封闭式和开放式问题的问卷，以用于蓝领员工（BCW）（n = 39），因为他们的工作没有足够时间参与焦点小组。对白领员工的焦点小组研究表明，工作场所提供健康食品和健身机会对工作中的健康饮食和体育活动提供了最大支持；工作要求、容易获取不健康食品以及缺乏工作场所健身机会是障碍；生活方式管理是一个备受关注的话题。蓝领员工认为能够带午餐回家以及他们（体力活动较多）的工作对健康行为有支持作用；没有足够时间吃饭和个人疾病/受伤是障碍；慢性病话题最受关注。在规划和实施工作场所健康促进项目时，了解蓝领和白领员工在健康饮食和体育活动的影响因素以及对工作场所健康促进项目的偏好方面的差异很重要。
