Tomioka Michiyo, Braun Kathryn, Homma Mieko, Nobuhara Hiroaki, Kubota Tomio, Sakai Hiromichi
Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (MT, KB).
Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2017 Mar;76(3):71-76.
With increased life expectancy, people need more education about healthy aging. This paper examines older adult perceptions regarding various factors impacting longevity, including genetics, lifestyle, and the environment. Data were collected from 733 Hawai'i adults age 50 years and older (39% Caucasian, 27% Japanese, 19% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHOPI), 9% Chinese, and 7% Filipino) through randomized telephone interviews. Participants were asked to rate a variety of factors as having "great impact," "some impact," or "no impact" on lifespan. Regardless of ethnicity, more than half of the participants felt that eating habits, exercise, health information, health care, and the environment had great impact on lifespan. Less than half felt that economic status and community had great impact. Compared to the all ethnic groups, Filipino respondents were significantly less likely to feel that smoking (44%, compared with an average across all race/ethnicities of 64%) and stress (48%, average 62%) had great impact. Chinese participants were more likely to feel that drinking alcohol (64%) had great impact (average 38%). Filipinos and Chinese were more likely to perceive that working conditions have great impact (65% and 56%, respectively; average 45%), and NHOPI and Filipinos were more likely to perceive the natural environment as having great impact (59% and 54%, respectively; average 46%). Findings suggest that cultural values and experiences may shape older adults' perceptions of factors associated with lifespan, providing guidance for health professionals on how to tailor health messages to older adults in different ethnic groups.
随着预期寿命的增加，人们需要更多关于健康老龄化的教育。本文探讨了老年人对影响长寿的各种因素的看法，包括遗传、生活方式和环境。通过随机电话访谈，从733名年龄在50岁及以上的夏威夷成年人中收集了数据（39%为白人，27%为日本人，19%为夏威夷原住民和太平洋岛民（NHOPI），9%为华人，7%为菲律宾人）。参与者被要求对各种因素对寿命的影响程度进行评分，分为“有很大影响”、“有一些影响”或“没有影响”。无论种族如何，超过一半的参与者认为饮食习惯、运动、健康信息、医疗保健和环境对寿命有很大影响。不到一半的人认为经济状况和社区有很大影响。与所有种族群体相比，菲律宾受访者认为吸烟（44%，所有种族/族裔的平均比例为64%）和压力（48%，平均比例为62%）有很大影响的可能性明显较低。中国参与者更有可能认为饮酒（64%）有很大影响（平均比例为38%）。菲律宾人和中国人更有可能认为工作条件有很大影响（分别为65%和56%；平均比例为45%），而NHOPI和菲律宾人更有可能认为自然环境有很大影响（分别为59%和54%；平均比例为46%）。研究结果表明，文化价值观和经历可能会塑造老年人对与寿命相关因素的看法，为卫生专业人员如何针对不同种族群体的老年人调整健康信息提供指导。
