Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47(21):12297-304. doi: 10.1021/es4030035. Epub 2013 Oct 10.
This study used a geographic based water model to predict the environmental concentrations of three pharmaceuticals, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), and diclofenac throughout European rivers. The work was prompted by the proposal of the European Community (COM(2011)876) to consider these chemicals as candidates for future control via environmental quality standards (EQS). National drug consumption information, excretion, national water use, and sewage removal rates, were used to derive per capita sewage effluent values for the European countries . For E2, excretion rates of the natural hormone and national demographics were also included. Incorporating this information into the GWAVA model allowed water concentrations throughout Europe's rivers to be predicted. The mean concentration from the expected sewage discharge scenario indicated that 12% by length of Europe's rivers would reach concentrations greater than the proposed 0.035 ng/L EQS for EE2. For several countries, between a quarter and a third of their total river length would fail such an EE2 EQS. For E2, just over 1% by length of rivers would reach concentrations greater than the 0.4 ng/L proposed EQS, while just over 2% by length of rivers would reach concentrations greater than the proposed EQS of 100 ng/L for diclofenac.
本研究使用基于地理的水模型来预测三种药物（17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）、17β-雌二醇（E2）和双氯芬酸）在整个欧洲河流中的环境浓度。这项工作是由欧洲共同体（COM(2011)876）提出的，建议将这些化学物质作为未来通过环境质量标准（EQS）进行控制的候选物质。国家药物消费信息、排泄、国家用水和污水去除率用于推导欧洲国家的人均污水排放量。对于 E2，还包括天然激素的排泄率和国家人口统计学数据。将这些信息纳入 GWAVA 模型可以预测整个欧洲河流的水质浓度。从预期的污水排放情景得出的平均浓度表明，欧洲河流的 12%长度将达到高于拟议的 0.035ng/L EE2 EQS 的浓度。对于几个国家，其总河长的四分之一到三分之一将无法达到 EE2 的 EQS。对于 E2，超过 1%的河流长度将达到高于拟议的 0.4ng/L EQS 的浓度，而超过 2%的河流长度将达到高于拟议的 100ng/L 双氯芬酸 EQS 的浓度。
