James Cook University Australia, 600 Upper Thomson Road, Singapore 574421, Singapore; Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.
Appetite. 2014 Jan;72:123-37. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.09.017. Epub 2013 Sep 27.
It is generally accepted that weight loss has significant physiological benefits, such as reduced risk of diabetes, lowered blood pressure and blood lipid levels. However, few behavioural and dietary interventions have investigated psychological benefit as the primary outcome. Hence, systematic review methodology was adopted to evaluate the psychological outcomes of weight loss following participation in a behavioural and/or dietary weight loss intervention in overweight/obese populations. 36 Studies were selected for inclusion and were reviewed. Changes in self-esteem, depressive symptoms, body image and health related quality of life (HRQoL) were evaluated and discussed. Where possible, effect sizes to indicate the magnitude of change pre- to post- intervention were calculated using Hedges' g standardised mean difference. The results demonstrated consistent improvements in psychological outcomes concurrent with and sometimes without weight loss. Improvements in body image and HRQoL (especially vitality) were closely related to changes in weight. Calculated effect sizes varied considerably and reflected the heterogeneous nature of the studies included in the review. Although the quality of the studies reviewed was generally acceptable, only 9 out of 36 studies included a suitable control/comparison group and the content, duration of intervention and measures used to assess psychological outcomes varied considerably. Further research is required to improve the quality of studies assessing the benefits of weight loss to fully elucidate the relationship between weight loss and psychological outcomes.
人们普遍认为，减肥具有显著的生理益处，如降低糖尿病风险、降低血压和血脂水平。然而，很少有行为和饮食干预措施将心理益处作为主要结果进行研究。因此，采用系统综述方法来评估超重/肥胖人群参与行为和/或饮食减肥干预后的减肥的心理结果。选择了 36 项研究进行纳入并进行了综述。评估并讨论了自尊、抑郁症状、身体形象和健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）的变化。在可能的情况下，使用 Hedges' g 标准化均数差计算了表示干预前后变化幅度的效应大小。结果表明，心理结果与减肥同时并有时在减肥之外持续改善。身体形象和 HRQoL（尤其是活力）的改善与体重的变化密切相关。计算出的效应大小差异很大，反映了综述中包含的研究的异质性。尽管所审查研究的质量通常是可以接受的，但只有 36 项研究中的 9 项包括合适的对照/比较组，干预的内容、持续时间和用于评估心理结果的措施差异很大。需要进一步的研究来提高评估减肥益处的研究质量，以充分阐明减肥与心理结果之间的关系。
