Kong Jaehyun, Lee Kyeongmin, Lee Sooji, Kim Soeun, Jeong Jinyoung, Son Yejun, Lee Hayeon, Jacob Louis, Rahmati Masoud, Fond Guillaume, Boyer Laurent, Smith Lee, Dragioti Elena, Woo Selin, Hwang Jiyoung, Yon Dong Keon
Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2024 Dec;18(6):818-828. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.6.818. Epub 2024 Sep 20.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity has become a significant global burden, with more than 40% of the global adult population attempting to lose weight. Previous studies on the impact of weight-control methods on mental health, especially among adolescents, are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between various weight-control methods and depression among adolescents, with the goal of informing healthier weight management decisions and promoting effective methods.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: This nationwide study utilized data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, including a sample of 418,254 adolescents collected over 12 yrs (2007-2019). We conducted a weighted complex sample analysis to compare depression rates associated with specific weight-control methods, including exercise, fasting (≥ 24 h), eating less, taking prescription/non-prescription weight-loss medication, taking laxatives or diuretics, vomiting, one-food diet, taking oriental medicine, and diet foods.
Of the 418,254 participants, 45.96% (192,246) were male. Among male participants, fasting (≥ 24 h; weighted odds ratio [wOR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-1.51) and vomiting (wOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.35-1.66) were associated with an increased risk of depression. Among female participants, prescribed (wOR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.90) and non-prescribed (wOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97) weight-loss medication reduced the risk of depression. However, fasting (≥ 24 h; wOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.41-1.52) and vomiting (wOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.36-1.55) significantly increased the risk of depression.
The risk of depression varies depending on the weight-control method, with a consistent trend observed across both sexes. Methods such as vomiting, fasting, taking oriental medicine for weight loss, and consuming diet foods increased the risk of depression, while weight-loss medications were associated with reduced depression symptoms in females. These findings highlight the need for further research on weight-control medications and policies that support effective weight management while reducing depressive effects.
背景/目的：超重和肥胖患病率的不断上升已成为一项重大的全球负担，全球超过40%的成年人口试图减肥。以往关于体重控制方法对心理健康影响的研究，尤其是在青少年中的研究有限。因此，本研究旨在调查青少年中各种体重控制方法与抑郁症之间的关联，以提供更健康的体重管理决策信息并推广有效方法。
对象/方法：这项全国性研究利用了韩国青少年风险行为网络调查的数据，包括在12年（2007 - 2019年）期间收集的418,254名青少年样本。我们进行了加权复杂样本分析，以比较与特定体重控制方法相关的抑郁症发病率，这些方法包括运动、禁食（≥24小时）、少吃、服用处方/非处方减肥药、服用泻药或利尿剂、呕吐、单一食物饮食、服用中药和食用减肥食品。
在418,254名参与者中，45.96%（192,246）为男性。在男性参与者中，禁食（≥24小时；加权比值比[wOR]，1.43；95%置信区间[CI]，1.36 - 1.51）和呕吐（wOR，1.49；95% CI，1.35 - 1.66）与抑郁症风险增加相关。在女性参与者中，处方（wOR，0.82；95% CI，0.74 - 0.90）和非处方（wOR，0.89；95% CI，0.82 - 0.97）减肥药降低了抑郁症风险。然而，禁食（≥24小时；wOR，1.47；95% CI，1.41 - 1.52）和呕吐（wOR，1.45；95% CI，1.36 - 1.55）显著增加了抑郁症风险。
抑郁症风险因体重控制方法而异，在两性中均观察到一致趋势。呕吐、禁食、服用减肥中药和食用减肥食品等方法增加了抑郁症风险，而减肥药与女性抑郁症症状减轻相关。这些发现凸显了进一步研究体重控制药物和政策的必要性，这些药物和政策在支持有效体重管理的同时减少抑郁影响。
