Ikeuchi Momoko, Sugimoto Keiko, Iwase Akira
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
Plant Cell. 2013 Sep;25(9):3159-73. doi: 10.1105/tpc.113.116053. Epub 2013 Sep 27.
Plants develop unorganized cell masses like callus and tumors in response to various biotic and abiotic stimuli. Since the historical discovery that the combination of two growth-promoting hormones, auxin and cytokinin, induces callus from plant explants in vitro, this experimental system has been used extensively in both basic research and horticultural applications. The molecular basis of callus formation has long been obscure, but we are finally beginning to understand how unscheduled cell proliferation is suppressed during normal plant development and how genetic and environmental cues override these repressions to induce callus formation. In this review, we will first provide a brief overview of callus development in nature and in vitro and then describe our current knowledge of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying callus formation.
植物会因各种生物和非生物刺激而形成如愈伤组织和肿瘤般的无组织细胞团。自从历史上发现两种促进生长的激素——生长素和细胞分裂素的组合能在体外诱导植物外植体形成愈伤组织以来，这个实验系统已在基础研究和园艺应用中得到广泛使用。愈伤组织形成的分子基础长期以来一直不清楚，但我们终于开始明白在正常植物发育过程中，无计划的细胞增殖是如何被抑制的，以及遗传和环境线索如何超越这些抑制作用来诱导愈伤组织形成。在这篇综述中，我们将首先简要概述愈伤组织在自然和体外的发育情况，然后描述我们目前对愈伤组织形成背后的遗传和表观遗传机制的认识。
