Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Cancer Control. 2013 Oct;20(4):282-8. doi: 10.1177/107327481302000405.
The previous 2 years have been an exciting time in melanoma research, due in part to the approval of vemurafenib and ipilimumab for advanced melanoma. Increased knowledge of the molecular biology leading to melanoma has led to the development of several new agents that target specific oncogenes.
The authors review the latest developments in signal transduction inhibitors and in immune modulators for the treatment of melanoma. Investigational agents currently in development are also discussed.
Vemurafenib and ipilimumab have improved overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Many new agents are in development, including programmed death-1 antibodies and combination signal transduction inhibitors.
A recognition of the genetic diversity of melanoma and a better understanding of the immune system have resulted in improvements in overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Refractory cases remain challenging, and combination therapies are being explored in an effort to overcome resistance mechanisms. New molecular targets need to be identified to help the subset of patients who do not harbor BRAF mutations.
过去两年是黑色素瘤研究的激动人心的时期，部分原因是维莫非尼和易普利姆玛获批用于晚期黑色素瘤。对导致黑色素瘤的分子生物学的认识加深，导致了几种针对特定癌基因的新型药物的开发。
作者回顾了信号转导抑制剂和免疫调节剂在黑色素瘤治疗方面的最新进展。还讨论了目前正在开发的研究性药物。
维莫非尼和易普利姆玛改善了转移性黑色素瘤患者的总生存期。许多新的药物正在开发中，包括程序性死亡-1 抗体和联合信号转导抑制剂。
对黑色素瘤遗传多样性的认识以及对免疫系统的更好理解，导致转移性黑色素瘤患者的总生存期得到改善。难治性病例仍然具有挑战性，正在探索联合治疗以克服耐药机制。需要确定新的分子靶点，以帮助那些不携带 BRAF 突变的患者亚群。
