Farr Ryan J, Joglekar Mugdha V, Taylor Caroline J, Hardikar Anandwardhan A
Diabetes and Islet biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Medical Foundation Building, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2013 Sep;11(1):14-20.
Death of pancreatic islet beta cells is a common feature of type 1 and 2 diabetes and often follows islet cell transplantation. Measurement of blood glucose is currently the only blunt instrument available to diagnose diabetes mellitus, and we lack tools to quantify islet cell loss or protection thereof. A class of RNA molecules (called microRNAs/miRNAs/miRs) that regulate endogenous gene expression via mRNA cleavage or translational arrest have been identified to be critical for birth, maintenance and regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. Recent demonstration that microRNAs can potentially be utilised as biomarkers due to their serum stability, has triggered increasing interest in understanding their role as regulators or biomarkers of disease. This review aims to delve into the potential of miRNA biomarkers, and whether miRNA profiles are indicators or effector of disease pathology. Furthermore, an outline for identifying and confirming islet-specific miRNA biomarkers is discussed.
胰岛β细胞死亡是1型和2型糖尿病的一个常见特征，并且常常发生在胰岛细胞移植之后。目前，血糖测量是诊断糖尿病的唯一粗略手段，而且我们缺乏量化胰岛细胞损失或对其进行保护的工具。一类通过mRNA切割或翻译停滞来调节内源性基因表达的RNA分子（称为微小RNA/miRNA/miR）已被确定对胰腺β细胞的生成、维持和再生至关重要。最近有证据表明，由于微小RNA在血清中的稳定性，它们有可能被用作生物标志物，这引发了人们对了解其作为疾病调节剂或生物标志物作用的越来越浓厚的兴趣。本综述旨在深入探讨miRNA生物标志物的潜力，以及miRNA谱是否为疾病病理学的指标或效应器。此外，还讨论了识别和确认胰岛特异性miRNA生物标志物的概述。
