Jenkins-Holick Darcy S, Kaul Teri L
Department of Urology, Columbia-St. Mary's Community Physicians, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Urol Nurs. 2013 Jul-Aug;33(4):163-70.
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by flatworms (trematodes). It is second only to malaria in public health significance, with over 200 million people infected worldwide, leading to severe consequences in 20 million persons and 100,000 deaths, annually. There are four species that cause intestinal schistosomiasis: Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mekongi, and Schistosoma intercalatum. Schistosoma haematobium causes urinary schistosomias, and is endemic in Africa and the Middle East, with the greatest prevalence in poor rural areas. Fibrotic changes in the urinary tract can lead to hydroureter, hydronephrosis, bacterial urinary infections, and ultimately, kidney disease or eventually bladder cancer. A rare lesion can also arise in patients infected with Schistosomiasis haematobium, resulting in squamous and adenosquamous prostate cancers. Imported diseases, such as schistosomiasis, are entering the United States through immigration via illegal aliens, refugees, and travelers. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, and its global health impact is grossly underestimated.
血吸虫病是一种由扁形虫（吸虫）引起的寄生虫感染。它在公共卫生重要性方面仅次于疟疾，全球有超过2亿人感染，每年导致2000万人出现严重后果，10万人死亡。有四种血吸虫会导致肠道血吸虫病：曼氏血吸虫、日本血吸虫、湄公血吸虫和间插血吸虫。埃及血吸虫会引发泌尿生殖系统血吸虫病，在非洲和中东地区流行，在贫困农村地区患病率最高。泌尿系统的纤维化变化会导致输尿管积水、肾积水、细菌性尿路感染，最终引发肾脏疾病或膀胱癌。感染埃及血吸虫的患者还可能出现一种罕见病变，导致鳞状和腺鳞状前列腺癌。血吸虫病等输入性疾病正通过非法移民、难民和旅行者等途径进入美国。血吸虫病是一种被忽视的热带疾病，其对全球健康的影响被严重低估。
