Bristol Dermatology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, BS2 8HW United Kingdom.
Clin Dermatol. 2013 Sep-Oct;31(5):509-15. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.06.006.
The nail unit comprises the nail plate, the surrounding soft tissues, and their vasculature and innervation based upon the distal phalanx. The nail plate is a laminated keratinized structure lying on the nail matrix (15-25%), the nail bed with its distal onychodermal band (75-85%), and the hyponychium at its free edge. The distal part of the matrix, the lunula characterized by its half-moon shape, can be observed in some digits. The nail plate is embedded by the proximal and lateral folds. From the proximal nail fold, the cuticle (also known as the eponychium), adheres to the superficial surface of the proximal nail plate. The nail unit possesses a complex and abundant vascular network to ensure adequate blood supply. Finally, both the periungual soft tissues and the nail folds are innervated. The shapes, structure, and inter-relationships of these tissues are factors in the way nails present with disease and how we understand and manage those diseases. In particular, an understanding of the surgical anatomy is important for those undertaking diagnostic or curative operations on the nail. With this knowledge, the most appropriate surgery can be planned and the patient can be provided with accurate and clear guidance to enable informed consent.
指甲单位包括指甲板、周围的软组织及其基于远节指骨的血管和神经支配。指甲板是一种分层角化结构，位于甲母质（15-25%）、甲床及其远端甲小皮带（75-85%）和游离缘的甲下皮上。基质的远端，半月形特征的半月形，可以在一些手指上观察到。指甲板被近端和侧褶嵌入。从近端甲褶，角质层（也称为甲上皮）附着在近端指甲板的浅表面上。指甲单位具有复杂而丰富的血管网络，以确保充足的血液供应。最后，甲周软组织和甲褶都有神经支配。这些组织的形状、结构和相互关系是指甲出现疾病的方式以及我们理解和治疗这些疾病的因素。特别是，对于那些对指甲进行诊断或治疗手术的人来说，了解手术解剖学非常重要。有了这些知识，可以计划最适当的手术，并为患者提供准确和清晰的指导，以获得知情同意。
