Sakaguchi Tomoyoshi, Heyder Ahmed, Tanaka Masato, Uotani Koji, Omori Toshinori, Kodama Yuya, Takamatsu Kazuhiko, Yasuda Yosuke, Sugyo Atsushi, Takeda Masanori, Nakagawa Masami
Department of Rehabilitation, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Chikkomidorimachi, Minami Ward Okayama, Okayama 702-8055, Japan.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama Rosai Hospital, 1-10-25 Chikkomidorimachi, Minami Ward Okayama, Okayama 702-8055, Japan.
J Clin Med. 2024 Sep 10;13(18):5363. doi: 10.3390/jcm13185363.
The increasing elderly patient population is contributing to the rising worldwide load of cervical spinal disorders, which is expected to result in a global increase in the number of surgical procedures in the foreseeable future. Cervical rehabilitation plays a crucial role in optimal recovery after cervical spine surgeries. Nevertheless, there is no agreement in the existing research regarding the most suitable postsurgical rehabilitation program. Consequently, this review assesses the ideal rehabilitation approach for adult patients following cervical spine operations.
This review covers activities of daily living and encompasses diverse treatment methods, including physiotherapy, specialized tools, and guidance for everyday activities. The review is organized under three headings: (1) historical perspectives, (2) patient-reported functional outcomes, and (3) general and disease-specific rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation programs are determined on the basis of patient-reported outcomes, performance tests, and disease prognosis. CSM requires strengthening of the neck and shoulder muscles that have been surgically invaded. In contrast, the CCI requires mobility according to the severity of the spinal cord injury and functional prognosis. The goal of rehabilitation for CCTs, as for CCIs, is to achieve ambulation, but the prognosis and impact of cancer treatment must be considered.
Rehabilitation of the cervical spine after surgery is essential for improving physical function and the ability to perform daily activities and enhancing overall quality of life. The rehabilitation process should encompass general as well as disease-specific exercises. While current rehabilitation protocols heavily focus on strengthening muscles, they often neglect the crucial aspect of spinal balance. Therefore, giving equal attention to muscle reinforcement and the enhancement of spinal balance following surgery on the cervical spine is vital.
老年患者数量的不断增加导致全球颈椎疾病负担上升，预计在可预见的未来，颈椎手术数量将在全球范围内增加。颈椎康复在颈椎手术后的最佳恢复中起着至关重要的作用。然而，现有研究对于最合适的术后康复方案尚无定论。因此，本综述评估了成年患者颈椎手术后的理想康复方法。
本综述涵盖日常生活活动，包括多种治疗方法，如物理治疗、专用工具和日常活动指导。综述分为三个标题进行组织：（1）历史观点，（2）患者报告的功能结果，以及（3）一般和疾病特异性康复。
康复方案根据患者报告的结果、性能测试和疾病预后确定。脊髓型颈椎病需要加强手术侵袭部位的颈部和肩部肌肉。相比之下，颈椎损伤需要根据脊髓损伤的严重程度和功能预后进行活动。与颈椎损伤一样，颈椎肿瘤切除术后康复的目标是实现行走，但必须考虑癌症治疗的预后和影响。
颈椎手术后的康复对于改善身体功能、进行日常活动的能力以及提高整体生活质量至关重要。康复过程应包括一般以及疾病特异性锻炼。虽然目前的康复方案严重侧重于加强肌肉，但往往忽视了脊柱平衡这一关键方面。因此，在颈椎手术后同等重视肌肉强化和脊柱平衡的改善至关重要。
