Desai I D, Doell A M, Officiati S A, Bianco A M, Van Severen Y, Desai M I, Jansen E, de Oliveira J E
School of Family and Nutritional Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
World Rev Nutr Diet. 1990;61:64-131. doi: 10.1159/000417528.
A nutritional needs assessment was conducted among rural agricultural migrant women (target group) and children (less than 5 years). The study was conducted in Vila Diogo, a slum located on the periphery of Nuporanga, a village in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. A nutrition education program was designed on the basis of evidence obtained from demographic/socioeconomic information of the study population and a nutritional needs assessment of women (target group) and children less than 5 years of age. The nutritional needs assessment consisted of anthropometry, dietary assessment, and nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs questionnaires. Formative and summative evaluation of the nutrition education program, using appropriately selected criteria and comparisons of nutrition knowledge scores before and after the program, were used to determine program effectiveness. Major findings of the study were: Diets of Vila Diogo residents were generally simplistic, consisting primarily of rice, beans, and coffee with sugar. Vila Diogo women appeared to be at a relatively high risk for vitamin A, iron, calcium, ascorbic, and riboflavin deficiencies, based on comparisons of 24-hour dietary intake data with FAO recommendations. Children (2-5 years) appeared at high risk for vitamin A, iron, and ascorbic acid deficiencies, based on comparisons of 24-hour dietary intake data with FAO recommendations. All children less than 5 years of age had been breast-fed at birth, but more than one half of children had been weaned by the third month. Infant feeding practices during fever and diarrhea were nutritionally detrimental. Women generally recognized a relationship between dietary intake during pregnancy and fetal nourishment. Using weight-for-height index, a significant number of women were probably undernourished; a small percentage of women, however, were overweight or obese. Although children less than 5 years of age did not generally appear malnourished, a relatively large number were stunted in growth. Although Vila Diogo women reported many food taboos during various physiological states (menstruation, pregnancy, immediately post partum, lactation), relatively few food taboos had potentially negative nutritional consequences. For women who participated in the nutrition education program, nutrition knowledge scores after the program showed improvement which was statistically significant at alpha = 0.05, using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
对农村农业移民妇女（目标群体）和儿童（5岁以下）进行了营养需求评估。该研究在巴西圣保罗州一个村庄努波朗加周边的贫民窟迪奥戈村进行。根据从研究人群的人口统计学/社会经济信息以及对妇女（目标群体）和5岁以下儿童的营养需求评估中获得的证据，设计了一项营养教育计划。营养需求评估包括人体测量、饮食评估以及营养知识、态度和信念问卷调查。通过使用适当选定的标准并比较该计划前后的营养知识得分，对营养教育计划进行形成性和总结性评估，以确定该计划的有效性。该研究的主要发现如下：迪奥戈村居民的饮食通常很单一，主要由米饭、豆类以及加糖咖啡组成。根据将24小时饮食摄入数据与粮农组织建议进行比较的结果，迪奥戈村的妇女似乎维生素A、铁、钙、抗坏血酸和核黄素缺乏的风险相对较高。根据将24小时饮食摄入数据与粮农组织建议进行比较的结果，2至5岁的儿童似乎维生素A、铁和抗坏血酸缺乏的风险较高。所有5岁以下儿童出生时均接受母乳喂养，但超过一半的儿童在第三个月时已断奶。发烧和腹泻期间的婴儿喂养方式对营养有不利影响。妇女普遍认识到孕期饮食摄入与胎儿营养之间的关系。使用身高体重指数，相当数量的妇女可能营养不良；然而，一小部分妇女超重或肥胖。虽然5岁以下儿童总体上未出现营养不良，但有相当数量的儿童生长发育迟缓。尽管迪奥戈村的妇女报告在各种生理状态（月经、怀孕、产后立即、哺乳）下有许多食物禁忌，但相对较少的食物禁忌会产生潜在的负面营养后果。对于参加营养教育计划的妇女，使用威尔科克森符号秩检验，该计划后的营养知识得分有改善，在α = 0.05时具有统计学意义。
