Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School (NJMS), Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
Int J Parasitol. 2014 Feb;44(2):161-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.08.003. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages are critical for defense against intracellular pathogens while alternatively-activated M2 macrophages mediate tissue homeostasis and repair. Whether these distinct activation programs are mutually exclusive or can co-exist within the same cell is unclear. Here, we report the co-existence of these programs in Toxoplasma gondii-elicited inflammatory macrophages. This is independent of parasite expression of the virulence factor ROP16 and host cell expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Furthermore, this observation was recapitulated by IFN-γ and IL-4 treated bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro. These results highlight the multi-functionality of macrophages as they respond to diverse microbial and endogenous stimuli.
促炎型 M1 巨噬细胞对于抵抗细胞内病原体至关重要，而另一种被激活的 M2 巨噬细胞则介导组织稳态和修复。目前尚不清楚这些不同的激活程序是否相互排斥，或者是否可以在同一个细胞中共存。在这里，我们报告了在刚地弓形虫诱导的炎症性巨噬细胞中这些程序的共存。这与寄生虫表达毒力因子 ROP16 和宿主细胞表达信号转导和转录激活因子 6（STAT6）无关。此外，这一观察结果在体外经 IFN-γ 和 IL-4 处理的骨髓来源的巨噬细胞中得到了重现。这些结果突出了巨噬细胞的多功能性，因为它们对各种微生物和内源性刺激做出反应。
