SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Vaccine. 2013 Dec 2;31(49):5889-96. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.037. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
Tick-borne pathogens cause diseases that greatly impact animal health and production worldwide. The ultimate goal of tick vaccines is to protect against tick-borne diseases through the control of vector infestations and reducing pathogen infection and transmission. Tick genetic traits are involved in vector-pathogen interactions and some of these molecules such as Subolesin (SUB) have been shown to protect against vector infestations and pathogen infection. Based on these premises, herein we characterized the efficacy of cattle vaccination with tick proteins involved in vector-pathogen interactions, TROSPA, SILK, and Q38 for the control of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations and infection with Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina. SUB and adjuvant/saline placebo were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The results showed that vaccination with Q38, SILK and SUB reduced tick infestations and oviposition with vaccine efficacies of 75% (Q38), 62% (SILK) and 60% (SUB) with respect to ticks fed on placebo control cattle. Vaccination with TROSPA did not have a significant effect on any of the tick parameters analyzed. The results also showed that vaccination with Q38, TROSPA and SUB reduced B. bigemina DNA levels in ticks while vaccination with SILK and SUB resulted in lower A. marginale DNA levels when compared to ticks fed on placebo control cattle. The positive correlation between antigen-specific antibody titers and reduction of tick infestations and pathogen infection strongly suggested that the effect of the vaccine was the result of the antibody response in vaccinated cattle. Vaccination and co-infection with A. marginale and B. bigemina also affected the expression of genes encoding for vaccine antigens in ticks fed on cattle. These results showed that vaccines using tick proteins involved in vector-pathogen interactions could be used for the dual control of tick infestations and pathogen infection.
蜱传病原体引起的疾病对全球动物的健康和生产造成了重大影响。蜱疫苗的最终目标是通过控制媒介的滋生和减少病原体的感染和传播来预防蜱传疾病。蜱的遗传特征与媒介-病原体相互作用有关，其中一些分子，如 Subolesin (SUB)，已被证明可以防止媒介滋生和病原体感染。基于这些前提，本文我们研究了参与媒介-病原体相互作用的蜱蛋白（TROSPA、SILK 和 Q38）在控制牛蜱（Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus）滋生和感染边缘无浆体（Anaplasma marginale）和双芽巴贝斯虫（Babesia bigemina）方面的牛疫苗接种的效果。SUB 和佐剂/盐水安慰剂分别作为阳性和阴性对照。结果表明，接种 Q38、SILK 和 SUB 可减少 75%（Q38）、62%（SILK）和 60%（SUB）的蜱虫滋生和产卵，与接受安慰剂对照牛的蜱虫相比。接种 TROSPA 对任何分析的蜱虫参数都没有显著影响。结果还表明，接种 Q38、TROSPA 和 SUB 可降低寄生蜱中的双芽巴贝斯虫 DNA 水平，而接种 SILK 和 SUB 可降低寄生蜱中的边缘无浆体 DNA 水平，与接受安慰剂对照牛的蜱虫相比。抗原特异性抗体滴度与减少蜱虫滋生和病原体感染之间的正相关强烈表明，疫苗的作用是接种牛的抗体反应的结果。接种疫苗并与边缘无浆体和双芽巴贝斯虫共同感染也影响了寄生蜱中编码疫苗抗原的基因的表达。这些结果表明，使用参与媒介-病原体相互作用的蜱蛋白的疫苗可用于双重控制蜱虫滋生和病原体感染。
