Haracz Kirsti, Ryan Susan, Hazelton Michael, James Carole
School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Aust Occup Ther J. 2013 Oct;60(5):356-65. doi: 10.1111/1440-1630.12063. Epub 2013 Jun 19.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Obesity is a significant public health concern globally. It is associated with poor physical health, mental health and subjective well-being and limitations on occupational participation. With its focus on the relationship between occupation, health and well-being, occupational therapy would appear to be well placed to address both the causes and consequences of obesity. The aim of this review was to explore the scope of the role of occupational therapy practice in this field and the supporting evidence base.
Searches were conducted in four online databases and nine occupational therapy journals. Articles were included if they were theoretical, quantitative or qualitative research, explicitly related to occupational therapy and obesity, published in peer-reviewed journals, in English between 2002 and 2012. All research articles were critically reviewed and thematic analysis was conducted across all of the articles in the review.
Eight theoretical articles, 12 quantitative and two qualitative research studies were included. Only three were outcome studies. Thematic analysis identified four categories of focus of occupational therapy intervention: health promotion and prevention, increasing physical activity participation, modifying dietary intake and reducing the impact of obesity. Four categories of intervention strategies were also identified; assessment, modifying the environment, education and introducing and adapting occupations.
The findings of this review suggest a comprehensive role for occupational therapy in addressing obesity. However, the paucity of outcome studies mean that significantly more research is required to further define and provide a strong evidence base for occupational therapy practice in this emerging field.
背景/目的：肥胖是全球重大的公共卫生问题。它与身体健康不佳、心理健康和主观幸福感差以及职业参与受限有关。职业治疗专注于职业、健康和幸福感之间的关系，似乎非常适合解决肥胖的成因和后果。本综述的目的是探讨职业治疗实践在该领域的作用范围以及支持性证据基础。
在四个在线数据库和九种职业治疗期刊中进行检索。纳入的文章需为理论性、定量或定性研究，明确与职业治疗和肥胖相关，发表于2002年至2012年间的同行评审英文期刊。对所有研究文章进行严格评审，并对综述中的所有文章进行主题分析。
纳入了八篇理论文章、十二篇定量研究和两篇定性研究。只有三项是结果研究。主题分析确定了职业治疗干预的四个重点类别：健康促进与预防、增加身体活动参与、改变饮食摄入以及减少肥胖的影响。还确定了四类干预策略；评估、改变环境、教育以及引入和调整职业。
本综述的结果表明职业治疗在解决肥胖问题方面具有全面的作用。然而，结果研究的匮乏意味着需要更多的研究来进一步界定并为这一新兴领域的职业治疗实践提供有力的证据基础。
