Fisheries Centre, 2202 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
J Fish Biol. 2013 Oct;83(4):865-89. doi: 10.1111/jfb.12122. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
This paper reports recent developments in Rapfish, a normative, scalable and flexible rapid appraisal technique that integrates both ecological and human dimensions to evaluate the status of fisheries in reference to a norm or goal. Appraisal status targets may be sustainability, compliance with a standard (such as the UN code of conduct for responsible fisheries) or the degree of progress in meeting some other goal or target. The method combines semi-quantitative (e.g. ecological) and qualitative (e.g. social) data via multiple evaluation fields, each of which is assessed through scores assigned to six to 12 attributes or indicators: the scoring method allows user flexibility to adopt a wide range of utility relationships. For assessing sustainability, six evaluation fields have been developed: ecological, technological, economic, social, ethical and institutional. Each field can be assessed directly with a set of scored attributes, or several of the fields can be dealt with in greater detail using nested subfields that themselves comprise multidimensional Rapfish assessments (e.g. the hierarchical institutional field encompasses both governance and management, including a detailed analysis of legality). The user has the choice of including all or only some of the available sustainability fields. For the attributes themselves, there will rarely be quantitative data, but scoring allows these items to be estimated. Indeed, within a normative framework, one important advantage with Rapfish is transparency of the rigour, quality and replicability of the scores. The Rapfish technique employs a constrained multidimensional ordination that is scaled to situate data points within evaluation space. Within each evaluation field, results may be presented as a two-dimensional plot or in a one-dimensional rank order. Uncertainty is expressed through the probability distribution of Monte-Carlo simulations that use the C.L. on each original observation. Overall results of the multidisciplinary analysis may be shown using kite diagrams that compare different locations, time periods (including future projections) and management scenarios, which make policy trade-offs explicit. These enhancements are now available in the R programming language and on an open website, where users can run Rapfish analyses by downloading the software or uploading their data to a user interface.
本文报告了 Rapfish 的最新进展，这是一种规范性、可扩展且灵活的快速评估技术，它将生态和人类维度结合起来，以参照规范或目标评估渔业的状况。评估状况的目标可能是可持续性、遵守标准（例如《联合国负责任渔业行为守则》）或在实现其他目标方面取得的进展程度。该方法通过多个评估领域将半定量（例如生态）和定性（例如社会）数据结合在一起，每个领域都通过对六个到十二个属性或指标的分数进行评估：评分方法允许用户灵活采用广泛的效用关系。为了评估可持续性，已经开发了六个评估领域：生态、技术、经济、社会、伦理和制度。每个领域都可以通过一组评分属性直接进行评估，也可以使用嵌套子领域更详细地处理其中几个领域，这些嵌套子领域本身构成了多维 Rapfish 评估（例如，分层制度领域包含治理和管理，包括对合法性的详细分析）。用户可以选择包括所有或仅包括一些可用的可持续性领域。对于属性本身，很少有定量数据，但评分允许对这些项目进行估计。实际上，在规范性框架内，Rapfish 的一个重要优势是分数的严谨性、质量和可重复性的透明度。Rapfish 技术采用受约束的多维排序，可将数据点定位在评估空间内。在每个评估领域内，结果可以表示为二维图或一维等级顺序。不确定性通过对每个原始观测值的 C.L.进行蒙特卡罗模拟的概率分布来表示。多学科分析的总体结果可以使用风筝图显示，这些风筝图比较不同的地点、时间段（包括未来预测）和管理方案，从而明确政策权衡。这些增强功能现在可在 R 编程语言和开放网站上使用，用户可以通过下载软件或上传数据到用户界面来运行 Rapfish 分析。
