Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. of Iran, Tehran,
Arch Iran Med. 2013 Oct;16(10):613-22.
The history of human and animal cancers date back to antiquity. The earliest written document on cancer appeared on Egyptian papyrus. For centuries, the theory of "four humors" was the primary hypothesis that explained the cause for cancer. Finally, in the 19th century a new era began with the detection of the cellular origin of cancer; in due course, the nature of this lethal disease was better recognized and led to further achievements in cancer treatment. During the 20th century researchers investigated several risk factors for cancer such as tobacco smoking and environmental chemicals, in addition to the carcinogenic role of certain viruses, occupational association of cancer, its relationship with certain hormones and dietary habits, and the genetic basis of cancer. These investigations resulted in more efficient cancer management. After the advent of radiotherapy and chemotherapy as two complementary therapeutic modalities to surgery, the campaign against cancer has improved. However, cancer remains a major health challenge that accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present paper briefly reviews the history of cancer in Iran, particularly during the last decades of the 20th century.
人类和动物癌症的历史可以追溯到古代。最早关于癌症的书面文献出现在埃及纸莎草纸上。几个世纪以来，“四体液”理论一直是解释癌症病因的主要假说。最后，在 19 世纪，随着癌症的细胞起源被发现，一个新时代开始了；随着时间的推移，这种致命疾病的性质得到了更好的认识，并导致了癌症治疗的进一步进展。在 20 世纪，研究人员调查了癌症的几个风险因素，如吸烟和环境化学物质，以及某些病毒的致癌作用、癌症与某些职业的关联、与某些激素和饮食习惯的关系，以及癌症的遗传基础。这些调查导致了更有效的癌症管理。放射治疗和化学疗法作为手术的两种互补治疗方式出现后，抗癌运动得到了改善。然而，癌症仍然是一个重大的健康挑战，在全球范围内造成了大量的发病率和死亡率。本文简要回顾了伊朗癌症的历史，特别是在 20 世纪最后几十年。
