Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Higashihiroshima , Japan.
Int Rev Immunol. 2013 Oct-Dec;32(5-6):511-25. doi: 10.3109/08830185.2013.839665. Epub 2013 Oct 4.
Probiotics and gut microbiota have a significant impact on gut homeostasis in the host. Recent clinical studies demonstrated the ameliorative features of several kinds of probiotics in intestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Interleukin (IL)-17 is a potent inflammatory cytokine, and T-helper (Th)17 cells and other IL-17-producing cells are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Multiple mechanisms of action have been suggested to explain the protective anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in intestinal inflammation, including the immunoregulation and suppression of Th17 activity and IL-17 production in part by signaling through pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor family. However, steady-state Th17 cells have an important role in host defense against fungi and bacteria. Interestingly, recent studies revealed that specific commensal bacterial species such as segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) induce the accumulation of Th17 cells in the small intestine in many species, including mice. It is important to determine the mechanisms by which intestinal Th17 cells are induced by SFB and whether these or other bacteria with similar properties are present in the human intestine. This brief review focuses on the interaction between probiotics/microbiota and Th17 cells during inflammation (war) and during steady-state homeostatic regulation (peace).
益生菌和肠道微生物群对宿主的肠道内稳态有重大影响。最近的临床研究表明，多种益生菌可改善肠道疾病，如炎症性肠病（IBD）。白细胞介素（IL）-17 是一种有效的炎症细胞因子，辅助性 T 细胞 17（Th17）细胞和其他产生 IL-17 的细胞参与 IBD 的发病机制。有多种作用机制被提出来解释益生菌在肠道炎症中的保护抗炎作用，包括通过模式识别受体（如 Toll 样受体家族）的信号传导来调节免疫和抑制 Th17 活性和 IL-17 产生。然而，稳态 Th17 细胞在宿主防御真菌和细菌方面发挥着重要作用。有趣的是，最近的研究表明，特定的共生细菌种类，如分段丝状菌（SFB），在包括小鼠在内的许多物种中诱导小肠中 Th17 细胞的积累。确定 SFB 诱导肠道 Th17 细胞的机制，以及是否存在具有类似特性的其他细菌，这一点很重要。这篇简短的综述重点介绍了益生菌/微生物群与 Th17 细胞在炎症（战争）和稳态内稳态调节（和平）期间的相互作用。
