Group Internal Audit Department, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., 4-10-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan.
J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Oct 23;61(42):9977-83. doi: 10.1021/jf402441f. Epub 2013 Oct 15.
The gastrointestinal tract harbors a tremendous number and variety of commensal microbiota. The intestinal mucosa simultaneously absorbs essential nutrients and protects against detrimental antigens or pathogenic microbiota as the first line of defense. Beneficial interactions between the host and microbiota are key requirements for host health. Although the gut microbiota has been previously studied in the context of inflammatory diseases, it has recently become clear that this microbial environment has a beneficial role during normal homeostasis, by modulating the immune system or bowel motor function. Recent studies revealed that microbiota, including their metabolites, modulate key signaling pathways involved in the inflammation of the mucosa or the neurotransmitter system in the gut-brain axis. The underlying molecular mechanisms of host-microbiota interactions are still unclear; however, manipulation of microbiota by probiotics or prebiotics is becoming increasingly recognized as an important therapeutic option, especially for the treatment of the dysfunction or inflammation of the intestinal tract.
肠道中栖息着大量多样的共生微生物菌群。肠道黏膜作为第一道防线，既能吸收必需营养物质，又能抵御有害抗原或病原微生物菌群。宿主与微生物菌群之间的有益相互作用是宿主健康的关键要求。尽管肠道菌群在炎症性疾病的背景下已被广泛研究，但最近人们清楚地认识到，在正常的体内平衡中，这种微生物环境通过调节免疫系统或肠道运动功能，发挥着有益的作用。最近的研究表明，微生物菌群（包括其代谢产物）可以调节涉及黏膜炎症或肠道-脑轴神经递质系统的关键信号通路。宿主-微生物菌群相互作用的潜在分子机制尚不清楚；然而，通过益生菌或益生元来操纵微生物菌群，正日益被认为是一种重要的治疗选择，尤其是对肠道功能障碍或炎症的治疗。
