Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
PLoS One. 2013 Sep 30;8(9):e76618. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076618. eCollection 2013.
The main aims of the study were to assess psychological morbidity among adults nine months after a car bomb explosion in the town of Omagh, Northern Ireland and to identify predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.
A questionnaire was sent to all adults in households in The Omagh District Council area. The questionnaire comprised established predictors of PTSD (such as pre-trauma personal characteristics, type of exposure, initial emotional response and long-term adverse physical or financial problems), predictors derived from the Ehlers and Clark (2000) cognitive model, a measure of PTSD symptoms and the General Health Questionnaire.
Among respondents (n = 3131) the highest rates of PTSD symptoms and probable casesness (58.5%) were observed among people who were present in the street when the bomb exploded but elevated rates were also observed in people who subsequently attended the scene (21.8% probable caseness) and among people for whom someone close died (11.9%). People with a near miss (left the scene before the explosion) did not show elevated rates. Exposure to the bombing increased PTSD symptoms to a greater extent than general psychiatric symptoms. Previously established predictors accounted for 42% of the variance in PTSD symptoms among people directly exposed to the bombing. Predictors derived from the cognitive model accounted for 63%.
High rates of chronic PTSD were observed in individuals exposed to the bombing. Psychological variables that are in principle amenable to treatment were the best predictors of PTSD symptoms. Teams planning treatment interventions for victims of future bombings and other traumas may wish to take these results into account.
本研究的主要目的是评估北爱尔兰奥马镇汽车炸弹爆炸九个月后成年人的心理发病率，并确定慢性创伤后应激障碍症状的预测因素。
向奥马地区议会区的所有家庭的成年人发送了一份问卷。问卷包括创伤前个人特征、暴露类型、初始情绪反应和长期身体或财务问题等已确立的 PTSD 预测因素、Ehlers 和 Clark（2000）认知模型衍生的预测因素、PTSD 症状测量和一般健康问卷。
在答复者（n = 3131）中，在炸弹爆炸时在街上的人（58.5%）中观察到 PTSD 症状和可能病例的最高发生率，但在随后参加现场的人（21.8%可能病例）和有人死亡的人（11.9%）中也观察到了较高的发生率。险些遇难（在爆炸前离开现场）的人没有显示出升高的发病率。与一般精神症状相比，爆炸暴露增加了 PTSD 症状。先前确定的预测因素在直接暴露于爆炸的人群中占 PTSD 症状的 42%。认知模型衍生的预测因素占 63%。
在接触爆炸的个体中观察到了较高的慢性 PTSD 发生率。原则上可治疗的心理变量是 PTSD 症状的最佳预测因素。为未来爆炸和其他创伤的受害者规划治疗干预措施的团队可能希望考虑这些结果。
