Center for Innovative Public Health Research, San Clemente, California.
JAMA Pediatr. 2013 Dec;167(12):1125-34. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2629.
IMPORTANCE Sexual violence can emerge in adolescence, yet little is known about youth perpetrators-especially those not involved with the criminal justice system. OBJECTIVE To report national estimates of adolescent sexual violence perpetration and details of the perpetrator experience. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data were collected online in 2010 (wave 4) and 2011 (wave 5) in the national Growing Up With Media study. Participants included 1058 youths aged 14 to 21 years who at baseline read English, lived in the household at least 50% of the time, and had used the Internet in the last 6 months. Recruitment was balanced on youths' biological sex and age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Forced sexual contact, coercive sex, attempted rape, and completed rape. RESULTS Nearly 1 in 10 youths (9%) reported some type of sexual violence perpetration in their lifetime; 4% (10 females and 39 males) reported attempted or completed rape. Sixteen years old was the mode age of first sexual perpetration (n = 18 [40%]). Perpetrators reported greater exposure to violent X-rated content. Almost all perpetrators (98%) who reported age at first perpetration to be 15 years or younger were male, with similar but attenuated results among those who began at ages 16 or 17 years (90%). It is not until ages 18 or 19 years that males (52%) and females (48%) are relatively equally represented as perpetrators. Perhaps related to age at first perpetration, females were more likely to perpetrate against older victims, and males were more likely to perpetrate against younger victims. Youths who started perpetrating earlier were more likely than older youths to get in trouble with caregivers; youths starting older were more likely to indicate that no one found out about the perpetration. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Sexual violence perpetration appears to emerge earlier for males than females, perhaps suggesting different developmental trajectories. Links between perpetration and violent sexual media are apparent, suggesting a need to monitor adolescents' consumption of this material. Victim blaming appears to be common, whereas experiencing consequences does not. There is therefore urgent need for school programs that encourage bystander intervention as well as implementation of policies that could enhance the likelihood that perpetrators are identified.
重要性 性暴力可能出现在青春期，但对青少年犯罪者知之甚少——尤其是那些未涉及刑事司法系统的犯罪者。 目的 报告青少年性暴力犯罪的国家估计数和犯罪者经历的细节。 设计、地点和参与者 数据于 2010 年（第 4 波）和 2011 年（第 5 波）在全国媒体成长研究中在线收集。参与者包括 1058 名年龄在 14 至 21 岁之间的青少年，他们在基线时阅读英语，至少有 50%的时间居住在家庭中，并且在过去 6 个月内使用过互联网。招募根据青少年的性别和年龄进行平衡。 主要结果和措施 强迫性接触、强制性性行为、强奸未遂和强奸既遂。 结果 近十分之一的青少年（9%）报告在其一生中曾有过某种类型的性暴力犯罪行为；4%（10 名女性和 39 名男性）报告强奸未遂或既遂。16 岁是首次性犯罪的模式年龄（n=18[40%]）。犯罪者报告了更多接触暴力 X 级内容。几乎所有（98%）报告首次犯罪年龄为 15 岁或以下的犯罪者均为男性，在年龄为 16 岁或 17 岁开始犯罪的人中，结果相似但有所减弱（90%）。直到 18 或 19 岁，男性（52%）和女性（48%）才相对平等地成为犯罪者。也许与首次犯罪年龄有关，女性更有可能对年龄较大的受害者实施犯罪，而男性更有可能对年龄较小的受害者实施犯罪。较早开始犯罪的青少年比年龄较大的青少年更有可能与照顾者发生麻烦；较晚开始犯罪的青少年更有可能表示没有人发现犯罪行为。 结论和相关性 性暴力犯罪似乎在男性中比女性中更早出现，这可能表明不同的发展轨迹。性暴力与暴力色情媒体之间存在明显的联系，这表明需要监测青少年对这种材料的消费。指责受害者似乎很常见，而没有后果则不然。因此，迫切需要实施学校方案，鼓励旁观者干预，并实施可能提高识别犯罪者可能性的政策。
