Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Campus de la UIB, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2013 Nov;16(6):650-6. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328365980f.
Recent findings in animals suggest that diet-related factors can programme adipose tissue features in early life and remodel white adipose tissue (WAT) towards a brown adipose tissue (BAT)-like phenotype in adulthood, while impacting on body fat content and susceptibility to obesity. The purpose of this review is to address the significance of these results and their applicability in humans.
Nutritional conditions in the perinatal period influence sympathetic innervation to WAT and WAT cellularity in rodents. Leptin intake during the suckling period prevents obesity and other metabolic alterations in later life in rats through mechanisms that include increased sensitivity of adipose tissues to leptin. Recent data support the thermogenic functionality of inducible brown-like cells in rodent WAT and functional thermogenic beige adipogenesis from human progenitor cells. Diet-related factors and exercise can promote BAT activation and/or WAT-to-BAT remodelling (WAT browning) in animals.
Animal studies suggest that adipose tissue health and whole body adiposity might be influenced by early life nutrition and lifestyle factors in adulthood impacting energy metabolism in adipose tissues. For this knowledge to be translated to humans, biomarkers allowing early detection of the programming status of the individual and technologies allowing measuring of the thermogenic activity of adipose tissue depots in vivo are required.
目的综述：最近的动物研究发现，饮食相关因素可以在生命早期对脂肪组织特征进行编程，并在成年后重塑白色脂肪组织（WAT）为棕色脂肪组织（BAT）样表型，同时影响体脂肪含量和肥胖易感性。本综述旨在探讨这些结果的意义及其在人类中的适用性。
最近的发现：围产期的营养条件影响啮齿动物 WAT 的交感神经支配和细胞数量。哺乳期摄入瘦素可通过增加脂肪组织对瘦素的敏感性等机制，预防大鼠在生命后期肥胖和其他代谢改变。最近的数据支持了诱导型棕色样细胞在啮齿动物 WAT 中的产热功能以及人类祖细胞的功能性产热米色脂肪生成。饮食相关因素和运动可以促进动物的 BAT 激活和/或 WAT 向 BAT 重塑（WAT 褐变）。
总结：动物研究表明，脂肪组织健康和全身脂肪含量可能受成年期早期营养和生活方式因素的影响，从而影响脂肪组织的能量代谢。为了将这些知识转化为人类，需要能够早期检测个体编程状态的生物标志物，以及能够测量体内脂肪组织储库产热活性的技术。
