Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Parasite Immunol. 2014 Jan;36(1):32-42. doi: 10.1111/pim.12075.
The saliva of blood-feeding arthropods modulates their vertebrate hosts' haemostatic, inflammatory and immune responses to facilitate blood feeding. In a previous study, we showed that salivary gland products from ixodid tick species also manipulate the wound-healing response by targeting at least four different mammalian growth factors: transforming growth factor β1, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In addition, species that showed PDGF-binding activity also inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and induced changes in cell morphology accompanied by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we show a correlation between the length of the tick hypostome, the sclerotized feeding tube of the mouthparts inserted into the host's skin and anti-PDGF activity. This apparent link between hypostome length, and hence the potential depth of skin damage, and PDGF-binding activity was not apparent for the other growth factors or for other cytokines important in wound healing (keratinocyte growth factor, interleukin 6 and stromal cell-derived factor 1). However, PDGF-binding activity was no longer correlated with anti-cell activities, indicating that an additional as yet unidentified activity in tick saliva may affect cellular changes in wound repair.
吸血节肢动物的唾液调节其脊椎动物宿主的止血、炎症和免疫反应，以促进吸血。在之前的一项研究中，我们表明，来自硬蜱物种的唾液腺产物还通过针对至少四种不同的哺乳动物生长因子来操纵伤口愈合反应：转化生长因子β1、肝细胞生长因子、成纤维细胞生长因子 2 和血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）。此外，表现出 PDGF 结合活性的物种还在体外抑制细胞增殖，并诱导细胞形态变化，同时破坏肌动蛋白细胞骨架。在这里，我们显示了蜱下唇的长度与抗 PDGF 活性之间存在相关性，下唇是插入宿主皮肤的口器的硬化喂食管。下唇长度与 PDGF 结合活性之间的这种明显联系，以及潜在的皮肤损伤深度，对于其他生长因子或其他在伤口愈合中重要的细胞因子（角质形成细胞生长因子、白细胞介素 6 和基质细胞衍生因子 1）并不明显。然而，PDGF 结合活性不再与抗细胞活性相关，表明蜱唾液中可能存在另一种尚未确定的活性，会影响伤口修复中的细胞变化。
