Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise Health and Performance Research Group, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Exercise Health and Performance Research Group, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Australia.
Brain Behav Immun. 2014 Jul;39:33-41. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.003. Epub 2013 Oct 11.
Vaccination programs, although feted for success in reducing infectious disease morbidity and mortality, are limited by vaccine efficacy, which is particularly problematic in populations with reduced immune function. Exercise has been identified as a behavioural factor that can improve immune function in some settings and cohorts, and therefore, in the setting of vaccination, it may serve as an adjuvant for immune responses. Here, we summarise the body of evidence that has investigated the effects of chronic or acute exercise interventions on vaccination responses. A systematic search of the literature was conducted including six major databases. Randomised control trials (RCTs), cross-sectional and observational studies that involved a variety of population samples and that employed any modality or intensity of acute exercise or chronic training prior to vaccine administration and measured any immune response were included. Twenty trials met the inclusion criteria for this review. Nine studies investigated the effect of acute exercise on the immune response to vaccination, whilst the remaining eleven studies investigated the effect of chronic exercise. Most of the current published literature suggests that exposure to either acute or chronic exercise significantly augments the immune response to vaccination. The clinical importance of this adjuvant action of exercise, if any, as well as variability in responsiveness across different cohorts, dose-response relationships and the optimal exercise modality to employ for this indication deserve further study.
疫苗接种计划虽然在降低传染病发病率和死亡率方面取得了成功，但受到疫苗效力的限制，而在免疫功能下降的人群中，疫苗效力尤其成问题。运动已被确定为一种行为因素，可以改善某些环境和人群的免疫功能，因此，在接种疫苗的情况下，它可以作为免疫反应的佐剂。在这里，我们总结了已经研究慢性或急性运动干预对疫苗接种反应影响的证据。对文献进行了系统检索，包括六个主要数据库。纳入了随机对照试验（RCT）、横断面和观察性研究，这些研究涉及各种人群样本，并在接种疫苗前采用任何形式或强度的急性运动或慢性训练，以及测量任何免疫反应。有 20 项试验符合本综述的纳入标准。9 项研究调查了急性运动对疫苗接种免疫反应的影响，而其余 11 项研究调查了慢性运动的影响。目前发表的大部分文献表明，接触急性或慢性运动显著增强了对疫苗接种的免疫反应。如果有任何这种运动的佐剂作用的临床重要性，以及在不同人群中的反应性差异、剂量反应关系以及为该适应症采用的最佳运动方式，都值得进一步研究。
