1Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; 3Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Mar;46(3):455-61. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a75ff2.
The most effective way of avoiding influenza is through influenza vaccination. However, the vaccine is ineffective in about 25% of the older population. Immunosenescence with advancing age results in inadequate protection from disease because of ineffective responses to vaccination. Recently, a number of strategies have been tested to improve the efficacy of a vaccine in older adults. An acute bout of moderate aerobic exercise may increase the efficacy of the vaccine in young individuals, but there are limited efficacy data in older adults who would benefit most.
This study sought to evaluate whether acute moderate-intensity endurance exercise immediately before influenza vaccination would increase the efficacy of the vaccine.
Fifty-nine healthy volunteers between 55 and 75 yr of age were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. Antibody titers were measured at baseline before exercise and 4 wk after vaccination. C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured at 24 and 48 h after vaccination.
Delta CRP and IL-6 at 24 and 48 h were significantly higher after vaccination as compared to the sham injection. There were no differences in the levels of antibody titers against the H3N2 influenza strain between groups. However, women in the exercise group had a significantly higher antibody response against the H1N1 influenza strain as compared to the men, probably because of lower prevaccine titers. There were no significant differences in seroprotection between groups.
Acute moderate aerobic exercise was not immunostimulatory in healthy older men but may serve as a vaccine adjuvant in older women.
避免流感的最有效方法是接种流感疫苗。然而，这种疫苗在约 25%的老年人群中无效。随着年龄的增长而出现的免疫衰老导致对疾病的保护不足，因为接种疫苗后的反应无效。最近，已经测试了许多策略来提高老年人疫苗的功效。急性适度有氧运动可能会提高年轻人疫苗的功效，但在最受益的老年人群中，关于其功效的数据有限。
本研究旨在评估在接种流感疫苗前立即进行急性适度耐力运动是否会提高疫苗的功效。
59 名年龄在 55 至 75 岁之间的健康志愿者被随机分配到运动组或对照组。在运动前和接种疫苗后 4 周测量抗体滴度。在接种后 24 和 48 小时测量 C 反应蛋白（CRP）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）。
与假注射相比，接种后 24 小时和 48 小时 CRP 和 IL-6 的 Delta 值明显更高。两组之间针对 H3N2 流感株的抗体滴度没有差异。然而，运动组中的女性针对 H1N1 流感株的抗体反应明显高于男性，可能是因为接种前的滴度较低。两组之间的血清保护率没有显著差异。
急性适度有氧运动对健康的老年男性没有免疫刺激性，但可能作为老年女性的疫苗佐剂。
