Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Maturitas. 2013 Dec;76(4):308-14. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.09.008. Epub 2013 Sep 20.
Targeted therapy or molecular targeted therapy has been defined as a type of treatment that blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with specific cell molecules required for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, rather than by simply interfering with all rapidly dividing cells as with traditional chemotherapy. There is a growing number of FDA approved monoclonal antibodies and small molecules targeting specific types of cancer suggestive of the growing relevance of this therapeutic approach. Targeted cancer therapies, also referred to as "Personalized Medicine", are being studied for use alone, in combination with other targeted therapies, and in combination with chemotherapy. The objective of personalized medicine is the identification of patients that would benefit from a specific treatment based on the expression of molecular markers. Examples of this approach include bevacizumab and olaparib, which have been designated as promising targeted therapies for ovarian cancer. Combinations of trastuzumab with pertuzumab, or T-DM1 and mTOR inhibitors added to an aromatase inhibitor are new therapeutic strategies for breast cancer. Although this approach has been seen as a major step in the expansion of personalized medicine, it has substantial limitations including its high cost and the presence of serious adverse effects. The Cancer Genome Atlas is a useful resource to identify novel and more effective targets, which may help to overcome the present limitations. In this review we will discuss the clinical outcome of some of these new therapies with a focus on ovarian and breast cancer. We will also discuss novel concepts in targeted therapy, the target of cancer stem cells.
靶向治疗或分子靶向治疗被定义为一种通过干扰致癌和肿瘤生长所需的特定细胞分子来阻止癌细胞生长的治疗方法，而不是像传统化疗那样简单地干扰所有快速分裂的细胞。越来越多的 FDA 批准的针对特定类型癌症的单克隆抗体和小分子表明这种治疗方法的相关性越来越大。靶向癌症疗法，也称为“个性化医学”，正在单独研究、与其他靶向疗法联合研究以及与化疗联合研究。个性化医学的目标是根据分子标志物的表达来确定受益于特定治疗的患者。这种方法的例子包括贝伐单抗和奥拉帕利，它们已被指定为卵巢癌有前途的靶向治疗药物。曲妥珠单抗与帕妥珠单抗联合，或 T-DM1 和 mTOR 抑制剂联合芳香酶抑制剂，是乳腺癌的新治疗策略。尽管这种方法被视为个性化医学扩展的重要一步，但它存在很高的成本和严重不良反应等实质性限制。癌症基因组图谱是识别新的、更有效的靶点的有用资源，这可能有助于克服目前的局限性。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论其中一些新疗法在卵巢癌和乳腺癌中的临床疗效。我们还将讨论靶向治疗的新概念，即癌症干细胞的靶点。
