Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
PLoS One. 2013 Oct 17;8(10):e77511. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077511. eCollection 2013.
Insect mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are of great interest in exploring molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. Only two mitogenomes have been previously released in the insect group Aphididae, which consists of about 5,000 known species including some agricultural, forestry and horticultural pests. Here we report the complete 16,317 bp mitogenome of Cavariella salicicola and two nearly complete mitogenomes of Aphis glycines and Pterocomma pilosum. We also present a first comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of aphids. Results showed that aphid mitogenomes share conserved genomic organization, nucleotide and amino acid composition, and codon usage features. All 37 genes usually present in animal mitogenomes were sequenced and annotated. The analysis of gene evolutionary rate revealed the lowest and highest rates for COI and ATP8, respectively. A unique repeat region exclusively in aphid mitogenomes, which included variable numbers of tandem repeats in a lineage-specific manner, was highlighted for the first time. This region may have a function as another origin of replication. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on protein-coding genes and the stem-loop structures of control regions confirmed a sister relationship between Cavariella and pterocommatines. Current evidence suggest that pterocommatines could be formally transferred into Macrosiphini. Our paper also offers methodological instructions for obtaining other Aphididae mitochondrial genomes.
昆虫线粒体基因组（mitogenomes）在探索分子进化、系统发育和种群遗传学方面具有重要意义。在昆虫的蚜科（Aphididae）中，之前只公布了两个线粒体基因组，该科包含约 5000 个已知物种，包括一些农业、林业和园艺害虫。在这里，我们报告了 Cavariella salicicola 的完整 16317bp 线粒体基因组和 Aphis glycines 和 Pterocomma pilosum 的两个近乎完整的线粒体基因组。我们还首次对蚜虫的线粒体基因组进行了比较分析。结果表明，蚜虫的线粒体基因组具有保守的基因组组织、核苷酸和氨基酸组成以及密码子使用特征。所有 37 个通常存在于动物线粒体基因组中的基因都进行了测序和注释。基因进化率的分析表明，COI 和 ATP8 的最低和最高速率分别为。首次突出显示了一个仅存在于蚜虫线粒体基因组中的独特重复区域，该区域以谱系特异性的方式包含可变数量的串联重复。这个区域可能具有作为另一个复制起点的功能。基于蛋白质编码基因和调控区茎环结构的系统发育重建证实了 Cavariella 和 pterocommatines 之间的姐妹关系。目前的证据表明，pterocommatines 可以正式转移到 Macrosiphini 中。我们的论文还提供了获取其他蚜科线粒体基因组的方法说明。
