Shah Naseer Ali, Khan Muhammad Rashid, Ahmad Bushra, Noureen Farah, Rashid Umbreen, Khan Rahmat Ali
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2013 Oct 22;13:276. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-276.
Sida cordata, a member of Family Malvaceae is used in folk medicine for various ailments including liver diseases. In this study we investigated, its flavonoid constituents, in vitro antioxidant potential against different free radicals and hepatoprotection against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in rat.
Dried powder of S. cordata whole plant was extracted with methanol and the resultant (SCME) obtained was fractionated with escalating polarity to obtain n-hexane fraction (SCHE), ethyl acetate fraction (SCEE), n-butanol fraction (SCBE) and the remaining soluble portion as aqueous fraction (SCAE). Diverse in vitro antioxidants assays such as DPPH, H2O2, •OH, ABTS, β-carotene bleaching assay, superoxide radical, lipid peroxidation, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity were studied to assess scavenging potential of methanol extract and its derived fractions. On account of marked scavenging activity SCEE was selected to investigate the hepatoprotective potential against CCl4 induced toxicity in Sprague-Dawley male rats by assessing the level of serum markers (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and γ-glutamyltransferase) and of liver antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione-S-transfers (GST), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Histology of the liver was performed to study alteration in histoarchitecture. Existence of active flavonoids was established by thin layer chromatographic studies.
Considerable amount of flavonoid and phenolic contents were recorded in the methanol extract and its derived fractions. Although the extract and all its derived fractions exhibited good antioxidant activities however, the most distinguished scavenging potential was observed for SCEE. Treatment of SCEE decreased the elevated level of serum marker enzymes induced with CCl4 administration whereas increased the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, GST, GSR and GSH-Px). Hepatic concentration of GSH was increased while lipid peroxidation was decreased with SCEE administration in CCl4 intoxicated rats. Presence of apigenin with some unknown compounds was observed in SCEE by using thin layer chromatography.
These results revealed the presence of some bioactive compound in the ethyl acetate fraction, confirming the utility of S. cordata against liver diseases in folk medicine.
刺蒴麻属锦葵科植物,在民间医学中用于治疗包括肝脏疾病在内的多种疾病。在本研究中,我们调查了其黄酮类成分、对不同自由基的体外抗氧化潜力以及对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导的大鼠肝损伤的肝保护作用。
用甲醇提取刺蒴麻全株干粉,所得提取物(SCME)按极性递增顺序进行分离,得到正己烷馏分(SCHE)、乙酸乙酯馏分(SCEE)、正丁醇馏分(SCBE),剩余可溶部分为水相馏分(SCAE)。研究了多种体外抗氧化试验,如DPPH、H2O2、•OH、ABTS、β-胡萝卜素漂白试验、超氧自由基、脂质过氧化、还原能力和总抗氧化能力,以评估甲醇提取物及其衍生馏分的清除潜力。鉴于显著的清除活性,选择SCEE通过评估血清标志物(碱性磷酸酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、胆红素和γ-谷氨酰转移酶)和肝脏抗氧化酶如过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSR)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平以及脂质过氧化(TBARS),来研究其对CCl4诱导的Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠毒性的肝保护潜力。进行肝脏组织学检查以研究组织结构的改变。通过薄层色谱研究确定活性黄酮类化合物的存在。
甲醇提取物及其衍生馏分中记录到相当数量的黄酮类和酚类成分。虽然提取物及其所有衍生馏分均表现出良好的抗氧化活性,但SCEE的清除潜力最为显著。SCEE处理降低了CCl4给药诱导的血清标志物酶水平升高,同时提高了肝脏抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD、POD、GST、GSR和GSH-Px)的活性。在CCl4中毒大鼠中,SCEE给药增加了肝脏中GSH的浓度,同时降低了脂质过氧化。通过薄层色谱在SCEE中观察到芹菜素与一些未知化合物的存在。
这些结果揭示了乙酸乙酯馏分中存在一些生物活性化合物,证实了刺蒴麻在民间医学中对肝脏疾病的效用。